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      Molecular regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in streptomyces.

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          Abstract

          Streptomycetes are the most abundant source of antibiotics. Typically, each species produces several antibiotics, with the profile being species specific. Streptomyces coelicolor, the model species, produces at least five different antibiotics. We review the regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in S. coelicolor and other, nonmodel streptomycetes in the light of recent studies. The biosynthesis of each antibiotic is specified by a large gene cluster, usually including regulatory genes (cluster-situated regulators [CSRs]). These are the main point of connection with a plethora of generally conserved regulatory systems that monitor the organism's physiology, developmental state, population density, and environment to determine the onset and level of production of each antibiotic. Some CSRs may also be sensitive to the levels of different kinds of ligands, including products of the pathway itself, products of other antibiotic pathways in the same organism, and specialized regulatory small molecules such as gamma-butyrolactones. These interactions can result in self-reinforcing feed-forward circuitry and complex cross talk between pathways. The physiological signals and regulatory mechanisms may be of practical importance for the activation of the many cryptic secondary metabolic gene cluster pathways revealed by recent sequencing of numerous Streptomyces genomes.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
          Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
          American Society for Microbiology
          1098-5557
          1092-2172
          Mar 2013
          : 77
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] State Key Laboratoryof Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
          Article
          77/1/112
          10.1128/MMBR.00054-12
          3591988
          23471619
          84ac4b1a-8a5c-4ed3-898c-75606971b575
          History

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