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      Development of inflatable seals for the rotatable plugs of sodium cooled fast breeder reactors: a review – Part I: key areas Translated title: Dichtungen für Drehschieber natriumgekühlter schneller Brutreaktoren – Ein Überblick – Teil 1: Hauptentwicklungsgebiete

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      1 , 2
      Kerntechnik
      Carl Hanser Verlag

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          Abstract

          Identification of development areas and their implementation for rotatable plug (RP) inflatable seals of Na cooled, 500 Mw (e) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) and 40 MW (t) Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) are described, largely based on a late 1990s survey of cover gas seal development (1950s–early 1990s) which defined a set of shortlisted design options and developmental strategy to minimize effort, cost and time. Comparative studies of top shield sealing and evolving FBR designs suggest suitability of inflatable seal as primary barrier in RPs. International experience identified choice and qualification of seal elastomer under synergistic degrading environment of reactor as the prime element of development. The low pressure, non-reinforced, unbeaded, PFBR inflatable seal (made of 50/50 blend of Viton® GBL 200S/600S) developed for 10 y life provides a unification scheme for nuclear elastomeric sealing based on 5 peroxide cured fluoroelastomer blend formulations, 1 finite element analysis approach, 1 Teflon-like plasma coating technique and 2 manufacturing processes promising significant gains in standardization, economy and safety. Uniqueness was ab initio development in the absence of established industry or readymade supply. Part I addresses key areas of design shortlisting, strategy, development and unification with a backdrop of international evolution.

          Kurzfassung

          Die Entwicklung von Dichtungen für Drehschieber für die beiden natriumgekühlten schnellen Brutreaktoren PFBR (Prototyp eines Schnellen Brutreaktors, 500 MWe) sowie FBTR (Schneller Brut-Test-Reaktor, 40 MWt) wird in diesem Beitrag beschrieben. Basierend auf einer in den späten 1990ern durchgeführten Literaturrecherche zu den weltweiten Erfahrungen in der Entwicklung und Erprobung dieser Drehschieber in den Jahren seit 1950 wurden verschiedene erfolgversprechende Designoptionen und eine Strategie zur Aufwand-, Kosten- und Zeitminimierung definiert für die weiter durchzuführenden Entwicklungsschritte. Vergleichende Untersuchungen führten zur Auswahl aufpumpbarer Dichtungen als Primärbarriere von Drehschiebern. Für den PFBR wurde schließlich eine Dichtung aus Elastomeren entwickelt und getestet. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags werden die Hauptentwicklungsgebiete hinsichtlich des Designs, der Strategie, der Entwicklungen und der darauf basierenden Material- und Designauswahl unter Berücksichtigung der internationalen Erfahrungen beschrieben.

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          Most cited references36

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          Biodegradable inflatable balloon for reducing radiation adverse effects in prostate cancer.

          Carcinoma of the prostate is one of the most abundant killers for men in the western world, and it is frequently treated via Radiation therapy. Unfortunately, radiotherapy side effects include rectal irritation and bleeding, erectile dysfunction and urinary frequency. Because radiation intensity decays rapidly as a function of distance, displacing irradiated prostate away from normal tissues would reduce damage and therefore side effects. The objective of this study is to develop an inflatable balloon that is implanted via a minimal invasive procedure. The balloon is made of a biodegradable polymer called poly(lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone). The implant is inserted rolled throughout the perineum; inflated in situ with a physiological saline; sealed and placed between the rectum wall, and the prostate gland. Balloon's mechanical and chemical properties were extensively characterized both in vitro and in vivo. The balloon's preparation ensures no bonding across surfaces as these may endanger the implant mechanical stability. Moreover, the coating method does not alter the polymer's molecular weight and therefore preserve its mechanical properties. Balloon's sterilization was carried out using ethylene oxide which, as our results show and in comparison with gamma-irradiation, doesn't damage the mechanical stability of the implant. The proper functionality of the insertion-mounting device as well as the balloon capability to retain its inflated form during patients' radiation session was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
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            The design of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor

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              The use of plastics and elastomers in nuclear radiation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                kt
                Kerntechnik
                Carl Hanser Verlag
                0932-3902
                2195-8580
                14 November 2013
                : 78
                : 5
                : 380-399
                Affiliations
                1 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603102, India. E-mail: nksinha@ 123456igcar.gov.in
                2 P. S. Govindaswamy Naidu (PSG) Institutions, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004, India E-mail: baldev.dr@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                KT110178
                10.3139/124.110178
                84c73056-4793-4303-9598-16a3a9ea911a
                © 2013, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
                History
                : 13 May 2013
                Page count
                References: 138, Pages: 20
                Product
                Self URI (journal page): https://www.hanser-elibrary.com/loi/kt
                Categories
                Technical Contributions/Fachbeiträge

                Materials technology,Materials for energy,Nuclear physics
                Materials technology, Materials for energy, Nuclear physics

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