Caracterización clínica y bioquímica de la mujer con Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico

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Abstract

El Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) tiene una prevalencia entre 4 y 8% en la población general joven (18 a 45 años de edad). Su diagnóstico se hace con la presencia de dos de los siguientes tres criterios: oligo-anovulación, anovulación, hiperandrogenismo clínico o asintomático y morfología poliquística del ovario al ultrasonido. En el estudio del SOP se deben descartar otras causas de hiperandrogenismo como hiperplasia adrenal congénita, síndrome de Cushing y tumores productores de andrógenos. Las pacientes con SOP tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar intolerancia a los carbohidratos, diabetes y síndrome metabólico, pero no existe evidencia clínica contundente que respalde en ellas una mayor incidencia de eventos isquémicos del miocardio, ni de cáncer endometrial.

Translated abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has 4%-8% prevalence in young people. Diagnosis is based on two out of the following three criteria: oligoanovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic morphology using ultrasound. It is necessary to rule out other hyperandrogenic entities like congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing’s disease and androgen-producing tumors. PCOS patients have a high risk of carbohydrate intolerance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but there is no strong medical evidence to support greater ischemic myocardial events or endometrial cancer frequency in such patients.

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Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome.

(2003)

Since the 1990 National Institutes of Health-sponsored conference on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it has become appreciated that the syndrome encompasses a broader spectrum of signs and symptoms of ovarian dysfunction than those defined by the original diagnostic criteria. The 2003 Rotterdam consensus workshop concluded that PCOS is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction along with the cardinal features hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology. PCOS remains a syndrome, and as such no single diagnostic criterion (such as hyperandrogenism or PCO) is sufficient for clinical diagnosis. Its clinical manifestations may include menstrual irregularities, signs of androgen excess, and obesity. Insulin resistance and elevated serum LH levels are also common features in PCOS. PCOS is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events.