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      Conservative management of knee arthropathy in a patient with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome Translated title: Manejo conservador da artropatia do joelho em paciente com síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay

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          Abstract

          Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare vascular malformation characterized by capillary malformation, venous malformations, and soft tissue or bone hypertrophy that affect the extremities in most cases. Knee or hip arthropathy are common associated conditions and cause serious disability. We present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of KTS and severe knee arthropathy. A 34-year-old man with KTS was referred to our hospital with severe knee arthropathy, with the joint fixed in a 90° position. CT Angiography and MRI of the left leg showed important varicose development of the superficial venous system with intraarticular vessels. After discussion of the case by a multidisciplinary committee, the patient was enrolled on a physiotherapy program and had achieved significant improvements in movement and quality of life at 12-month follow-up. Treatment of KTS is primarily conservative and a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

          Resumo

          A síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay (SKT) é uma malformação vascular rara caracterizada por malformação capilar, malformações venosas e hipertrofia de tecidos moles ou ósseos que afetam as extremidades na maioria dos casos. A artropatia do joelho ou do quadril é uma condição comumente associada e causa sérias deficiências. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de SKT e artropatia grave do joelho. Um homem de 34 anos com SKT foi encaminhado ao nosso hospital com artropatia grave do joelho com articulação fixa na posição de 90 °. A angiotomografia e a ressonância magnética da perna esquerda mostraram importante desenvolvimento varicoso do sistema venoso superficial com vasos intra-articulares. Após o caso ser discutido em um comitê multidisciplinar, o paciente foi incluído em um programa de fisioterapia, obtendo uma melhora significativa nos movimentos e na qualidade de vida após 12 meses de acompanhamento. O tratamento da SKT é principalmente conservador e exige uma abordagem multidisciplinar.

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          Most cited references21

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          Physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis.

          Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disease causing pain and disability. Physiotherapy, which encompasses a number of modalities, is a non-invasive treatment option in the management of OA. This review summarizes the evidence for commonly used physiotherapy interventions. There is strong evidence to show short-term beneficial effects of exercise on pain and function, although the type of exercise does not seem to influence treatment outcome. Delivery modes, including individual, group or home exercise are all effective, although therapist contact may improve benefits. Attention to improving adherence to exercise is needed to maximize outcomes in the longer-term. Knee taping applied with the aim of realigning the patella and unloading soft tissues can reduce pain. There is also evidence to support the use of knee braces in people with knee OA. Biomechanical studies show that lateral wedge shoe insoles reduce knee load but clinical trials do not support symptomatic benefits. Recent studies suggest individual shoe characteristics also affect knee load and there is current interest in the effect of modified shoe designs. Manual therapy, while not to be used as a stand-alone treatment, may be beneficial. In summary, although the research is not equivocal, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that physiotherapy interventions can reduce pain and improve function in those with knee OA. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases © 2011 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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            Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: current management.

            Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare, sporadic, complex malformation characterized by the clinical triad of (1) capillary malformations (port wine stain); (2) soft tissue and bone hypertrophy or, occasionally, hypotrophy of usually one lower limb; and (3) atypical, mostly lateral varicosity. KTS is a mixed vascular malformation, with predominant capillary, venous and lymphatic components, without significant arteriovenous shunting. Management is largely conservative and the extent of diagnostic evaluation is determined by the planned treatment. Compression is the hallmark of conservative management; laser can be used to treat port wine stains. Imaging before vascular interventions must confirm venous anatomy and deep venous drainage. Techniques for ablation of superficial veins and malformations are individualized and may include sclerotherapy with alcohol or foam, endovenous thermal ablation or, as used most frequently in our practice, surgical stripping and phlebectomy. Intraoperative use of tourniquet will decrease bleeding, selective use of an inferior vena cava filter will prevent pulmonary embolism. A multidisciplinary approach to management of KTS is warranted.
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              Diagnosis and management of the venous malformations of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome

              A dearth of information exists in the literature regarding current practice in the management of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS), a rare condition. We review and describe the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of KTS.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vasc Bras
                J Vasc Bras
                jvb
                Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
                Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)
                1677-5449
                1677-7301
                20 May 2020
                2020
                : 19
                : e20200010
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, General Surgery Department, Phlebolymphology Unit, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
                Author notes

                Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.

                Correspondence Fanny Rodríguez Santos Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, General Surgery Department, Phlebolymphology Unit Juan D. Perón 4190, C1199ABD Buenos Aires, Argentina Tel.: +54 911-64838995 E-mail: fanny.rodriguezsantos@ 123456hospitalitaliano.org.ar

                Author information FRS - Junior Staff, Phlebolymphology Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. VL and AC - Fellows in training, Phlebolymphology Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. HM - Chairman, Phlebolymphology Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires.

                Author contributions Conception and design: FRS Analysis and interpretation: FRS, VL Data collection: VL, AC Writing the article: FRS, VL, AC Critical revision of the article: HM Final approval of the article*: FRS, VL, AC, HM Statistical analysis: N/A. Overall responsibility: HM *All authors have read and approved of the final version of the article submitted to J Vasc Bras

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-234X
                Article
                jvbRC20200010 00606
                10.1590/1677-5449.200010
                8202177
                84e67cd8-94b4-44ea-a42b-9d0faab5ae03

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 February 2020
                : 24 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 15
                Categories
                Case Report

                klippel-trenaunay syndrome,vascular malformation,knee arthropathy,síndrome de klippel-trenaunay,malformação vascular,artropatia do joelho

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