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      The cortisol, serotonin and oxytocin are associated with repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorder

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          Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans.

          The ability to "read the mind" of other individuals, that is, to infer their mental state by interpreting subtle social cues, is indispensable in human social interaction. The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in social approach behavior in nonhuman mammals. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, 30 healthy male volunteers were tested for their ability to infer the affective mental state of others using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) after intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin. Oxytocin improved performance on the RMET compared with placebo. This effect was pronounced for difficult compared with easy items. Our data suggest that oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region. Oxytocin might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.
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            Vasopressin and oxytocin release within the brain: a dynamic concept of multiple and variable modes of neuropeptide communication.

            As exemplified particularly with vasopressin and oxytocin, release of neuropeptides within the brain occurs from dendrites, somata, and axons of neurosecretory neurons; mechanisms include activation of intracellular Ca2+ stores, changed strength of synaptic input and altered interaction between transcription factors and gene promoters. Upon demand, both diffuse spread of neuropeptides in the extracellular fluid following dendritic release and focal release from axonal terminals may contribute to regionally and temporally varying combinations of neuromodulator and neurotransmitter actions, thus providing a theoretically unlimited variability in interneuronal signaling. Thus, instead of favoring volume or synaptic transmission following central neuropeptide release, a more dynamic concept is presented with multiple and variable modes of release and communication. This concept considers neuropeptides in the extracellular fluid of the brain rather than those in the cerebrospinal fluid or plasma as primary signals, triggering a variety of receptor-mediated effects, including those underlying behavioral and neuroendocrine regulation and psychopathology.
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              Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
                Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
                Elsevier BV
                17509467
                October 2015
                October 2015
                : 18
                :
                : 12-20
                Article
                10.1016/j.rasd.2015.07.002
                8526a777-bf89-4c68-ae32-3bbcdeffed6f
                © 2015
                History

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