Differences in the effects of Asian dust on pulmonary function between adult patients with asthma and those with asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome

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Differences in the effects of Asian dust on pulmonary function between adult patients with asthma and those with asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome

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Author(s): Masanari Watanabe ¹ , Hisashi Noma ² , Jun Kurai ¹ , Hiroyuki Sano ³ , Yasuto Ueda ¹ , Masaaki Mikami ⁴ , Hiroyuki Yamamoto ⁵ , Hirokazu Tokuyasu ⁶ , Kazuhiro Kato ⁷ , Tatsuya Konishi ⁸ , Toshiyuki Tatsukawa ⁸ , Eiji Shimizu ¹ , Hiroya Kitano ⁹

Publication date (Electronic): 28 January 2016

Journal: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

Keywords: Asian dust, asthma, asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome, peak expiratory flow, pulmonary function

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Abstract

Background

Asian dust (AD) exposure exacerbates pulmonary dysfunction in patients with asthma. Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS), characterized by coexisting symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is considered a separate disease entity. Previously, we investigated the effects of AD on pulmonary function in adult patients with asthma. Here, we present the findings of our further research on the differences in the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function between patients with asthma alone and those with ACOS.

Methods

Between March and May 2012, we conducted a panel study wherein we monitored daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in 231 adult patients with asthma. These patients were divided into 190 patients with asthma alone and 41 patients with ACOS in this study. Daily AD particle levels were measured using light detection and ranging systems. Two heavy AD days (April 23 and 24) were determined according to the Japan Meteorological Agency definition. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the association between PEF and AD exposure.

Results

Increments in the interquartile range of AD particles (0.018 km ⁻¹) led to PEF changes of −0.50 L/min (95% confidence interval, −0.98 to −0.02) in patients with asthma alone and −0.11 L/min (−0.11 to 0.85) in patients with ACOS. The PEF changes after exposure to heavy AD were −2.21 L/min (−4.28 to −0.15) in patients with asthma alone and −2.76 L/min (−6.86 to 1.35) in patients with ACOS. In patients with asthma alone, the highest decrease in PEF values was observed on the heavy AD day, with a subsequent gradual increase over time.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the effects of AD exposure on pulmonary function differ between patients with asthma alone and ACOS, with the former exhibiting a greater likelihood of decreased pulmonary function after AD exposure.

Most cited references 34

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The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma

Megan Hardin, Edwin K Silverman, R. Barr … (2011)

Background The coexistence of COPD and asthma is widely recognized but has not been well described. This study characterizes clinical features, spirometry, and chest CT scans of smoking subjects with both COPD and asthma. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study comparing subjects with COPD and asthma to subjects with COPD alone in the COPDGene Study. Results 119 (13%) of 915 subjects with COPD reported a history of physician-diagnosed asthma. These subjects were younger (61.3 vs 64.7 years old, p = 0.0001) with lower lifetime smoking intensity (43.7 vs 55.1 pack years, p = 0.0001). More African-Americans reported a history of asthma (33.6% vs 15.6%, p < 0.0001). Subjects with COPD and asthma demonstrated worse disease-related quality of life, were more likely to have had a severe COPD exacerbation in the past year, and were more likely to experience frequent exacerbations (OR 3.55 [2.19, 5.75], p < 0.0001). Subjects with COPD and asthma demonstrated greater gas-trapping on chest CT. There were no differences in spirometry or CT measurements of emphysema or airway wall thickness. Conclusion Subjects with COPD and asthma represent a relevant clinical population, with worse health-related quality of life. They experience more frequent and severe respiratory exacerbations despite younger age and reduced lifetime smoking history. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00608764

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Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma.

Ana Menezes, María Montes de Oca, Rogelio Perez-Padilla … (2014)

Several COPD phenotypes have been described; the COPD-asthma overlap is one of the most recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of three subgroups (asthma, COPD, and COPD-asthma overlap) in the Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease (PLATINO) study population, to describe their main characteristics, and to determine the association of the COPD-asthma overlap group with exacerbations, hospitalizations, limitations due to physical health, and perception of general health status (GHS). The PLATINO study is a multicenter population-based survey carried out in five Latin American cities. Outcomes were self-reported exacerbations (defined by deterioration of breathing symptoms that affected usual daily activities or caused missed work), hospitalizations due to exacerbations, physical health limitations, and patients' perception of their GHS obtained by questionnaire. Subjects were classified in three specific groups: COPD--a postbronchodilator (post-BD) FEV₁/FVC ratio of < 0.70; asthma--presence of wheezing in the last year and a minimum post-BD increase in FEV₁ or FVC of 12% and 200 mL; and overlap COPD-asthma--the combination of the two. Out of 5,044 subjects, 767 were classified as having COPD (12%), asthma (1.7%), and COPD-asthma overlap (1.8%). Subjects with COPD-asthma overlap had more respiratory symptoms, had worse lung function, used more respiratory medication, had more hospitalization and exacerbations, and had worse GHS. After adjusting for confounders, the COPD-asthma overlap was associated with higher risks for exacerbations (prevalence ratio [PR], 2.11; 95% CI, 1.08-4.12), hospitalizations (PR, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.45-11.67), and worse GHS (PR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.18-1.85) compared with those with COPD. The coexisting COPD-asthma phenotype is possibly associated with increased disease severity.

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Asthma and cigarette smoking.

N Thomson, R. Chaudhuri, E. Livingston (2004)

In most developed countries approximately 25% of adults with asthma are current cigarette smokers. Asthma and active cigarette smoking interact to cause more severe symptoms, accelerated decline in lung function, and impaired short-term therapeutic response to corticosteroids. Cigarette smoking may modify inflammation that is associated with asthma, although there is limited published data on airway pathology in smokers with asthma. To date, the evidence points towards a combination of both heightened and suppressed inflammatory responses in smokers compared with nonsmokers with asthma. The mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in asthmatic smokers are unexplained, but could be as a result of alterations in airway inflammatory cell phenotypes (e.g. increased neutrophils or reduced eosinophils), changes in the glucocorticoid receptor-alpha to -beta ratio (e.g. overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor beta), and increased activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors (e.g. nuclear factor-kappaB) or reduced histone deacetylase activity. In conclusion, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics who smoke to stop, although the effects of smoking cessation upon reversing the adverse effects of tobacco smoke on asthma control, therapeutic response to corticosteroids and airway pathology have yet to be fully elucidated. Alternative or additional therapies to inhaled corticosteroids are needed for asthmatic patients who are unable to quit smoking.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of COPD

Title: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-9106

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2005

Publication date Collection: 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 28 January 2016

Volume: 11

Pages: 183-190

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan

[2 ]Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan

[3 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Japan

[4 ]Hosshoji Clinic, 286-4 Hosshoji, Saihaku, Japan

[5 ]Saihaku Hospital, 397 Yamato, Saihaku, Japan

[6 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, 200 Horomachi, Matsue, Japan

[7 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine, San-in Rosai Hospital, 1-8-1 Kaikeshinden, Yonago, Japan

[8 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsue City Hospital, 32-1 Noshirachou, Matsue, Japan

[9 ]The Board of Directors, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan

Author notes

Correspondence: Masanari Watanabe, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishichou, Yonago 683-8504, Japan, Tel +81 85 938 6537, Fax +81 85 938 6539, Email watanabm@ 123456grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp

Article

Publisher ID: copd-11-183

DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S97460

PMC ID: 4734731

PubMed ID: 26869784

SO-VID: 853b1e0a-ab63-451f-ade3-acd80e16ede1

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Differences in the effects of Asian dust on pulmonary function between adult patients with asthma and those with asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Most cited references 34

The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma

Increased risk of exacerbation and hospitalization in subjects with an overlap phenotype: COPD-asthma.

Asthma and cigarette smoking.

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