Pharmacotherapy in patients with vasomotor disorders

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Highlights

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Early detection and treatment of vasomotor disorders seems beneficial.
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Several therapeutic options exist to treat vasomotor disorders.
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Treatment algorithms are provided for different vasomotor disorder.

Abstract

Background

Anginal symptoms in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease are frequently related to vasomotor disorders of the coronary circulation. Although frequently overlooked, a distinct diagnosis of different vasomotor disorders can be made by intracoronary function testing. Early detection and treatment seems beneficial, but little evidence is available for the medical treatment of these disorders. Nevertheless, there are several pharmacotherapeutic options available to treat these patients and improve quality of life.

Methods & findings

We performed an extensive yet non-systematic literature search to explore available pharmacotherapeutic strategies for addressing vasomotor disorders in individuals experiencing angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. This article presents a comprehensive overview of therapeutic possibilities for patients exhibiting abnormal vasoconstriction (such as spasm) and abnormal vasodilation (like coronary microvascular dysfunction).

Conclusion

Treatment of vasomotor disorders can be very challenging, but a general treatment algorithm based on the existing evidence and the best available current practice is feasible.

Related collections

Most cited references 115

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Is Open Access

Global Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Moien AB Khan, Muhammad Jawad Hashim, Halla Mustafa … (2020)

Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD), it manifests clinically as myocardial infarction and ischemic cardiomyopathy. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends of IHD globally. Methods The most up-to-date epidemiological data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset were analyzed. GBD collates data from a large number of sources, including research studies, hospital registries, and government reports. This dataset includes annual figures from 1990 to 2017 for IHD in all countries and regions. We analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for IHD. Forecasting for the next two decades was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Time Series Modeler (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Our study estimated that globally, IHD affects around 126 million individuals (1,655 per 100,000), which is approximately 1.72% of the world’s population. Nine million deaths were caused by IHD globally. Men were more commonly affected than women, and incidence typically started in the fourth decade and increased with age. The global prevalence of IHD is rising. We estimated that the current prevalence rate of 1,655 per 100,000 population is expected to exceed 1,845 by the year 2030. Eastern European countries are sustaining the highest prevalence. Age-standardized rates, which remove the effect of population changes over time, have decreased in many regions. Conclusions IHD is the number one cause of death, disability, and human suffering globally. Age-adjusted rates show a promising decrease. However, health systems have to manage an increasing number of cases due to population aging.

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Author and article information

Contributors

M.A.M. Beijk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc

Title: International Journal of Cardiology. Heart & Vasculature

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2352-9067

Publication date PMC-release: 08 September 2023

Publication date Collection: October 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 08 September 2023

Volume: 48

Electronic Location Identifier: 101267

Affiliations

[a ]Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

[b ]Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author at: Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Meibergdreef, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.a.beijk@ 123456amsterdamumc.nl

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2352-9067(23)00098-2 Publisher ID: 101267

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101267

PMC ID: 10505589

PubMed ID: 37727753

SO-VID: 85435843-c2f8-4cc8-b263-00c9b763c05f

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 20 July 2023

Date revision received : 23 August 2023

Date accepted : 3 September 2023