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      Advanced Carbon‐Based Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

      1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 3 , 1 , 2
      Advanced Energy Materials
      Wiley

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
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            Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene.

            We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m(-1)) and -690 Nm(-1), respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m(-1) and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E = 1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D = -2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of sigma(int) = 130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.
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              Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage.

              Ever-growing energy needs and depleting fossil-fuel resources demand the pursuit of sustainable energy alternatives, including both renewable energy sources and sustainable storage technologies. It is therefore essential to incorporate material abundance, eco-efficient synthetic processes and life-cycle analysis into the design of new electrochemical storage systems. At present, a few existing technologies address these issues, but in each case, fundamental and technological hurdles remain to be overcome. Here we provide an overview of the current state of energy storage from a sustainability perspective. We introduce the notion of sustainability through discussion of the energy and environmental costs of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, considering elemental abundance, toxicity, synthetic methods and scalability. With the same themes in mind, we also highlight current and future electrochemical storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. The complexity and importance of recycling battery materials is also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Advanced Energy Materials
                Adv. Energy Mater.
                Wiley
                1614-6832
                1614-6840
                April 17 2019
                June 2019
                April 24 2019
                June 2019
                : 9
                : 21
                : 1900343
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicinesMacau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau P. R. China
                [2 ]The Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and EquipmentsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringChina University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
                [3 ]Department of Mechanical & Industrial EngineeringLouisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
                Article
                10.1002/aenm.201900343
                854be1ba-976c-4fcf-aa91-609f1f462ba6
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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