Modelos de empresa, modelos de mundo: sobre algumas características culturais da nova ordem econômica e da resistência a ela

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Abstract

O artigo aborda o conflito cultural observado na arena econômica do Brasil dos anos 90, opondo os defensores de uma ordem industrial e os proponentes de um sistema organizacional ancorado na lógica financeira. Baseado, fundamentalmente, em entrevistas realizadas com gerentes e engenheiros industriais e na intensa produção intelectual "neoliberal" do período, o autor constata a existência de um conjunto de ambigüidades pessoais e de alternativas sociais implícitas nesse discurso e propõe um papel mais ativo e consciente das ciências sociais no sentido de auxiliar a sociedade a identificá-las e explicá-las.

Translated abstract

Le but de ce texte est de mettre en lumière un conflit cognitif et idéologique dans le Brésil des années 90. Ce conflit oppose les cadres industriels proposants d'un ordre économique fondé sur le système industriel face aux acteurs partisans d'un nouvel ordre inspiré du monde des finances. L'article a pour base empirique des entretiens menés auprès d'ingénieurs et de gestionnaires occupant des postes dans des entreprises qui se transforment ou se réorganisent selon cette nouvelle logique. On y trouve une situation très nuancée, caractérisée par des ambiguïtés personnelles et des alternatives sociales qui demeurent implicites.

Translated abstract

The article looks at the cultural conflict found in the Brazilian economic arena in the 90's, between the defenders of the industrial order and the proponents of an organizational system anchored in financial logic. Based mainly on interviews with industrial sector managers and engineers and on the intense "neoliberal" intellectual output of recent times, the author finds a set of personal ambiguities and social alternatives implicit in this debate and proposes a more active and conscious role for the social sciences in order to help society to identify and explain them.

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An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change

Richard R. Nelson (1982)

This book contains the most sustained and serious attack on mainstream, neoclassical economics in more than forty years. Nelson and Winter focus their critique on the basic question of how firms and industries change overtime. They marshal significant objections to the fundamental neoclassical assumptions of profit maximization and market equilibrium, which they find ineffective in the analysis of technological innovation and the dynamics of competition among firms. To replace these assumptions, they borrow from biology the concept of natural selection to construct a precise and detailed evolutionary theory of business behavior. They grant that films are motivated by profit and engage in search for ways of improving profits, but they do not consider them to be profit maximizing. Likewise, they emphasize the tendency for the more profitable firms to drive the less profitable ones out of business, but they do not focus their analysis on hypothetical states of industry equilibrium. The results of their new paradigm and analytical framework are impressive. Not only have they been able to develop more coherent and powerful models of competitive firm dynamics under conditions of growth and technological change, but their approach is compatible with findings in psychology and other social sciences. Finally, their work has important implications for welfare economics and for government policy toward industry.