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Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

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Abstract

A new set of equations for relativistic viscous hydrodynamics that captures both weak-coupling and strong-coupling physics to second order in gradients has been developed recently. We apply this framework to bulk physics at RHIC, both for standard (Glauber-type) as well as for Color-Glass-Condensate initial conditions and show that the results do not depend strongly on the values for the second-order transport coefficients. Results for multiplicity, radial flow and elliptic flow are presented and we quote the ratio of viscosity over entropy density for which our hydrodynamic model is consistent with experimental data. For Color-Glass-Condensate initial conditions, early thermalization does not seem to be required in order for hydrodynamics to describe charged hadron elliptic flow.

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Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics

(2004)
The ratio of shear viscosity to volume density of entropy can be used to characterize how close a given fluid is to being perfect. Using string theory methods, we show that this ratio is equal to a universal value of $$\hbar/4\pi k_B$$ for a large class of strongly interacting quantum field theories whose dual description involves black holes in anti--de Sitter space. We provide evidence that this value may serve as a lower bound for a wide class of systems, thus suggesting that black hole horizons are dual to the most ideal fluids.
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The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics

(2006)
We determine the nature of the QCD transition using lattice calculations for physical quark masses. Susceptibilities are extrapolated to vanishing lattice spacing for three physical volumes, the smallest and largest of which differ by a factor of five. This ensures that a true transition should result in a dramatic increase of the susceptibilities.No such behaviour is observed: our finite-size scaling analysis shows that the finite-temperature QCD transition in the hot early Universe was not a real phase transition, but an analytic crossover (involving a rapid change, as opposed to a jump, as the temperature varied). As such, it will be difficult to find experimental evidence of this transition from astronomical observations.
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Anisotropy as a signature of transverse collective flow

(1992)
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Author and article information

Journal
2008-04-25
2009-04-21
0804.4015
10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034915