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      Modeling of inter-organizational coordination dynamics in resilience planning of infrastructure systems: A multilayer network simulation framework

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      PLoS ONE
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          Abstract

          This paper proposes and tests a multilayer framework for simulating the network dynamics of inter-organizational coordination among interdependent infrastructure systems (IISs) in resilience planning. Inter-organizational coordination among IISs (such as transportation, flood control, and emergency management) would greatly affect the effectiveness of resilience planning. Hence, it is important to examine and understand the dynamics of coordination in networks of organizations within and across various systems in resilience planning. To capture the dynamic nature of coordination frequency and the heterogeneity of organizations, this paper proposes a multilayer network simulation framework enabling the characterization of inter-organizational coordination dynamics within and across IISs. In the proposed framework, coordination probabilities are utilized to approximate the varying levels of collaboration among organizations. Based on these derived collaborations, the simulation process perturbs intra-layer or inter-layer links and unveils the level of inter-organizational coordination within and across IISs. To test the proposed framework, the study examined a multilayer collaboration network of 35 organizations from five infrastructure systems within Harris County, Texas, based on the data gathered from a survey in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. The results indicate that prior to Hurricane Harvey: (1) coordination among organizations across different infrastructure systems is less than the coordination within the individual systems; (2) organizations from the community development system had a low level of coordination for hazard mitigation with organizations in flood control and transportation systems; (3) achieving a greater level of coordination among organizations across infrastructure systems is more difficult and would require a greater frequency of interaction (compared to within-system coordination). The results show the capability of the proposed multilayer network simulation framework to examine inter-organizational coordination dynamics at the system level (e.g., within and across IISs). The assessment of inter-organizational coordination within and across IISs sheds light on important organizational interdependencies in IISs and leads to recommendations for improving the resilience planning process.

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          Efficient Behavior of Small-World Networks

          We introduce the concept of efficiency of a network as a measure of how efficiently it exchanges information. By using this simple measure, small-world networks are seen as systems that are both globally and locally efficient. This gives a clear physical meaning to the concept of "small world," and also a precise quantitative analysis of both weighted and unweighted networks. We study neural networks and man-made communication and transportation systems and we show that the underlying general principle of their construction is in fact a small-world principle of high efficiency.
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            Collaborative environmental governance: Achieving collective action in social-ecological systems

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                13 November 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 11
                : e0224522
                Affiliations
                [001]Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Urban Resilience, Networks, and Informatics Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
                Universitat de Barcelona, SPAIN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-0238
                Article
                PONE-D-19-19317
                10.1371/journal.pone.0224522
                6853286
                31721810
                8567cdbf-136e-4f7e-ae7c-ada18005749e
                © 2019 Li et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 9 July 2019
                : 15 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 9, Pages: 21
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001, National Science Foundation;
                Award ID: 1760258
                Award Recipient : Ali Mostafavi
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001, National Science Foundation;
                Award ID: 1832662
                Award Recipient : Ali Mostafavi
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005794, Texas Sea Grant, Texas A and M University;
                Award ID: NA18OAR4170088
                Award Recipient : Ali Mostafavi
                This paper is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Number 1760258 and 1832662 to AM. This paper is also partly supported by Texas Sea Grant under Grant Number NA18OAR4170088 to AM. The open access publishing fees for this article have been covered by the Texas A&M University Open Access to Knowledge Fund (OAKFund), supported by the University Libraries and the Office of the Vice President for Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Engineering and Technology
                Transportation
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Network Analysis
                Network Resilience
                Earth Sciences
                Hydrology
                Flooding
                Engineering and Technology
                Civil Engineering
                Transportation Infrastructure
                Engineering and Technology
                Transportation
                Transportation Infrastructure
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Conservation Science
                Engineering and Technology
                Control Engineering
                Control Systems
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Systems Science
                Control Systems
                Physical Sciences
                Mathematics
                Systems Science
                Control Systems
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Surveys
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Network Analysis
                Custom metadata
                Data cannot be shared publicly because of human subject research. Ethics Committee (contact via Texas A&M University Human Subjects Protection Program office office at 855-795-8636 or email at irb@ 123456tamu.edu ) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.

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