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      DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 17 induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice Translated title: La vaccination par ADN avec un gène codant pour la protéine 17 des rhoptries de Toxoplasma gondii induit une immunité protectrice partielle contre une provocation létale chez la souris

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          Abstract

          Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that affects humans and various vertebrate livestock and causes serious economic losses. To develop an effective vaccine against T. gondii infection, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding the T. gondii rhoptry protein 17 (TgROP17) and evaluated its immune protective efficacy against acute T. gondii infection in mice. The DNA vaccine (p3×Flag-CMV-14-ROP17) was intramuscularly injected to BALB/c mice and the immune responses of the vaccinated mice were determined. Compared to control mice treated with empty vector or PBS, mice immunized with the ROP17 vaccine showed a relatively high level of specific anti- T. gondii antibodies, and a mixed IgG1/IgG2a response with predominance of IgG2a production. The immunized mice also displayed a specific lymphocyte proliferative response, a Th1-type cellular immune response with production of IFN-γ and interleukin-2, and increased number of CD8 + T cells. Immunization with the ROP17 DNA significantly prolonged the survival time (15.6 ± 5.4 days, P < 0.05) of mice after challenge infection with the virulent T. gondii RH strain (Type I), compared with the control groups which died within 8 days. Therefore, our data suggest that DNA vaccination with TgROP17 triggers significant humoral and cellular responses and induces effective protection in mice against acute T. gondii infection, indicating that TgROP17 is a promising vaccine candidate against acute toxoplasmosis.

          Translated abstract

          Toxoplasma gondii est un Apicomplexa parasite intracellulaire obligatoire, qui affecte l’homme et divers animaux domestiques et provoque de graves pertes économiques. Pour développer un vaccin efficace contre l’infection par T. gondii, nous avons construit un vaccin à ADN codant pour la protéine 17 des rhoptries de T. gondii (TRAP17) et avons évalué son efficacité protectrice immunitaire contre une infection aiguë par T. gondii chez la souris. Le vaccin à ADN (p3×Flag-CMV-14-ROP17) a été injecté par voie intramusculaire à des souris BALB/c et les réponses immunitaires des souris vaccinées ont été déterminées. Par comparaison avec des souris témoins traitées avec le vecteur vide ou du PBS, les souris immunisées avec le vaccin contre la ROP17 ont montré un niveau relativement élevé d’anticorps spécifiques anti- T. gondii et une réponse IgG1/IgG2a mixte avec prédominance de la production d’IgG2a. Les souris immunisées ont également montré une réponse proliférative lymphocytaire spécifique, une réponse immunitaire cellulaire de type Th1 avec production d’IFN-γ et d’interleukine-2, et une augmentation du nombre de cellules T CD8 +. L’immunisation avec l’ADN ROP17 a prolongé de façon significative le temps de survie (15.6 ± 5.4 jours, P < 0.05) des souris après infection d’épreuve avec la souche virulente de T. gondii RH (type I), par rapport aux groupes de contrôle qui sont morts dans les 8 jours. Par conséquent, nos données suggèrent que la vaccination par ADN avec TgROP17 déclenche des réponses humorale et cellulaire importantes et induit une protection efficace chez la souris contre une infection aiguë par T. gondii, indiquant que TgROP17 est un candidat vaccin prometteur contre la toxoplasmose aiguë.

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          Most cited references42

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          Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations.

          It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, congenital infection and neonatal mortality. Fifteen years after the description of T. gondii by Nicolle and Manceaux a fatal case of toxoplasmosis in a child was reported by Janků. In 1939 Wolf, Cowen and Paige were the first to conclusively identify T. gondii as a cause of human disease. This review examines the clinical manifestations of infection with T. gondii and the history of the discovery of these manifestations.
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            Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS.

            Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. Involvement may be closely associated with HIV infection per se, as in the AIDS dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans or malignancies such as primary lymphoma of the CNS. The clinical presentations of attendant and direct CNS involvement are remarkably non-specific and overlapping, yet a correct diagnosis is critical to successful intervention. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is one of the most common and most treatable causes of AIDS-associated pathology of the CNS. A great deal has been learned in the last 10 years about its unique presentation in the HIV-infected patient with advanced disease. Drs. Benjamin J. Luft of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Jack S. Remington of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Research Institute have studied T. gondii for many years and are two of the leading experts in the field. This commentary comprises an update of their initial review (J Infect Dis 1988;157:1-6) and a presentation of the current approaches to diagnosing and managing toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients.
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              The Toxoplasma pseudokinase ROP5 forms complexes with ROP18 and ROP17 kinases that synergize to control acute virulence in mice.

              Polymorphic rhoptry-secreted kinases (ROPs) are essential virulence factors of Toxoplasma gondii. In particular, the pseudokinase ROP5 is the major determinant of acute virulence in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We developed a tandem affinity protein tagging and purification approach in T. gondii and used it to show that ROP5 complexes with the active kinases ROP18 and ROP17. Biochemical analyses indicate that ROP18 and ROP17 have evolved to target adjacent and essential threonine residues in switch region I of immunity-related guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) (IRGs), a family of host defense molecules that function to control intracellular pathogens. The combined activities of ROP17 and ROP18 contribute to avoidance of IRG recruitment to the intracellular T. gondii-containing vacuole, thus protecting the parasite from clearance in interferon-activated macrophages. These studies reveal an intricate, multilayered parasite survival strategy involving pseudokinases that regulate multiple active kinase complexes to synergistically thwart innate immunity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2016
                03 February 2016
                : 23
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2016/01 )
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Research Institute of Medical Parasitology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 PR China
                [2 ] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 PR China
                [3 ] Department of General Surgery, Xi’an Red Cross Hospital Xi’an Shanxi 710000 PR China
                [4 ] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92-019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
                [5 ] Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Co-Constructed by Province and Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 PR China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: longwty@ 123456163.com
                Article
                parasite150092 10.1051/parasite/2016004
                10.1051/parasite/2016004
                4740497
                26842927
                85995dd6-5459-459e-9c1a-4ca2c1663abd
                © H.-L. Wang et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2016

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 November 2015
                : 22 January 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Research Article

                toxoplasma gondii,rhoptry protein 17,dna vaccine,protective immunity

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