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      Isquemia aguda por trombosis de arteria poplítea tras luxación anterior de rodilla Translated title: Acute ischemia due to popliteal artery thrombosis after anterior knee dislocation

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Las luxaciones de rodilla son poco frecuentes pero en un elevado porcentaje pueden estar asociadas a graves complicaciones neurovasculares. La afectación del nervio peroneo común es la lesión más frecuente. La arteria poplítea está afectada principalmente en los casos de luxación posterior y en traumatismos con afectación multiligamentosa. Presentamos un caso de luxación anterior tibio-femoral acompañada de isquemia aguda por oclusión de la arteria poplítea, que precisó cirugía de revascularización mediante by pass. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria, consiguiendo la recuperación de pulsos pedio y tibial posterior. Se precisa un alto grado de sospecha clínica para la detección de las complicaciones vasculares. La demora en el tratamiento quirúrgico arterial aumenta gravemente el riesgo de amputación.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Knee dislocations are rare but in a high percentage may cause severe and devastating neurovascular complications. Damage of the common peroneal nerve is the most frequent injury. The popliteal artery is more prone to be affected in posterior knee dislocation and whithin multiligament traumatic injury. We present a case of anterior tibio-femoral dislocation associated with acute ischemia due to popliteal artery occlusion that needed emergent surgical intervention for revascularisation of the left lower limb through bypass. Postoperative outcome was satisfactory with pedal and posterior tibial pulses recovery. A high grade of clinical suspicion is needed for early detection of vascular complications. Delay in vascular intervention increases dramatically the risk of irreversible injury and the need of amputation.

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          Most cited references12

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          Dislocation of the knee.

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            A systematic review of peroneal nerve palsy and recovery following traumatic knee dislocation.

            A common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy has been reported to complicate knee dislocations in 5-40 % of patients. Patients who suffer from a persistent foot drop have significantly worse functional outcomes. Reports on prognostic factors for nerve recovery or treatment-specific functional outcomes remain sparse in the literature.
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              Vascular injuries associated with elective orthopedic procedures.

              The objective of this study was to review the diagnosis, management, and outcome of the rare iatrogenic arterial injury associated with elective orthopedic joint procedures. A retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting to the vascular surgery service with arterial injury after elective orthopedic procedures between 1997 and 2002. Clinical records were reviewed for presentation, type of injury, management, and outcome. During the study period, 20 patients having 21 total orthopedic procedures were identified with 27 arterial injuries. There were 4350 elective orthopedic procedures during this period for an incidence of 0.005%. There were 14 total knee arthroplasties, 4 total hip arthroplasties, and 3 ankle reconstructions in the study group. Presenting signs included acute ischemia with loss-of-limb Doppler-detected arterial flow/pulses (13 patients, 62%), intraoperative arterial bleeding (3 patients, 14%), nonhealing wounds (3 patients, 14%), and limb edema (2 patients, 10%); the diagnosis was delayed >24 hr in 5 patients (25%). Arterial thrombosis was the most common abnormality identified (21 of 27 injuries, 78%), followed by laceration/avulsion (3 injuries, 11%) and pseudoaneurysm development (3 patients, 11%), and involved the iliac ( n = 3), common femoral ( n = 2), profunda ( n = 1), superficial femoral ( n = 4), popliteal ( n = 12), or tibial ( n = 5) arteries. Concomitant popliteal venous injury was present in one patient. Injured arterial segments had preexisting atherosclerotic disease (33%) and 15 patients (71%) had prior surgery in proximity to the arterial injury while an additional 9 (43%) had prior traumatic injury (7 [78%] of whom had revision orthopedic surgery as well). Management consisted of vein bypass grafting ( n = 15, 56%), primary repair ( n = 3, 11%), and thrombectomy with thrombolysis ( n = 2, 7%). One patient (5%) underwent primary above-knee amputation. There was one death from septic shock and there were three limb losses (14%). Arterial injury associated with elective orthopedic joint surgery is more common during redoprocedures and in patients with preexisting atherosclerosis. Despite arterial repair/bypass, limb morbidity is common and related to preexisting occlusive disease or extent of arterial thrombosis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Sanidad Militar
                Sanid. Mil.
                Ministerio de Defensa (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1887-8571
                June 2021
                : 77
                : 2
                : 90-93
                Affiliations
                [3] Madrid orgnameHospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla” orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular
                [2] Madrid orgnameHospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla” orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Central de la Defensa “Gómez Ulla” orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular
                Article
                S1887-85712021000200090 S1887-8571(21)07700200090
                10.4321/s1887-85712021000200004
                85a51cc7-c2ba-4cd6-8778-878e54a71eee

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 18 November 2020
                : 20 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Comunicación Breve

                arteria poplítea,femoro-popliteal by pass,ischemia,popliteal artery,knee,Dislocation,by pass femoropopliteo,isquemia,rodilla,luxación

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