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      Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Salicaceae e Violaceae Translated title: Flora from Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Salicaceae and Violaceae

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          Abstract

          Resumo O presente trabalho é parte da série de monografias taxonômicas das famílias de Angiospermas ocorrentes na Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco. A partir de observações de campo e análise de materiais de herbário foram registradas seis espécies de Salicaceae: Banara guianensis, Casearia arborea, C. hirsuta, C. javitensis, C. selloana e C. sylvestris, e três de Violaceae: Amphirrhox longifolia, Paypayrola blanchetiana e Pombalia calceolaria. Dentre as espécies, Casearia selloana é um novo registro para o estado de Pernambuco. Chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e habitat são apresentados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The present work is part of the series of taxonomic monographs of the families of Angiosperms occurring at the Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco. Based on field observations and analysis of herbarium materials were recorded six species of Salicaceae: Banara guianensis, Casearia arborea, C. hirsuta, C. javitensis, C. selloana and C. sylvestris, and three of Violaceae: Amphirrhox longifolia, Paypayrola blanchetiana and Pombalia calceolaria. Among the species, Casearia selloana is a new record for the state of Pernambuco. Na identification key, descriptions, illustrations, geographic distribution and habitat of the species are provided.

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          Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mid-cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests.

          Fossil data have been interpreted as indicating that Late Cretaceous tropical forests were open and dry adapted and that modern closed-canopy rain forest did not originate until after the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. However, some mid-Cretaceous leaf floras have been interpreted as rain forest. Molecular divergence-time estimates within the clade Malpighiales, which constitute a large percentage of species in the shaded, shrub, and small tree layer in tropical rain forests worldwide, provide new tests of these hypotheses. We estimate that all 28 major lineages (i.e., traditionally recognized families) within this clade originated in tropical rain forest well before the Tertiary, mostly during the Albian and Cenomanian (112-94 Ma). Their rapid rise in the mid-Cretaceous may have resulted from the origin of adaptations to survive and reproduce under a closed forest canopy. This pattern may also be paralleled by other similarly diverse lineages and supports fossil indications that closed-canopy tropical rain forests existed well before the K/T boundary. This case illustrates that dated phylogenies can provide an important new source of evidence bearing on the timing of major environmental changes, which may be especially useful when fossil evidence is limited or controversial.
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            Phylogenetic analyses of Malpighiales using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, with particular reference to the embryology of Euphorbiaceae sens. str.

            We present phylogenetic analyses of Malpighiales, which are poorly understood with respect to relationships within the order, using sequences from rbcL, atpB, matK and 18SrDNA from 103 genera in 23 families. From several independent and variously combined analyses, a four-gene analysis using all sequence data provided the best resolution, resulting in the single most parsimonious tree. In the Malpighiales [bootstrap support (BS) 100%], more than eight major clades comprising a family or group of families successively diverged, but no clade containing more than six families received over 50% BS. Instead, ten terminal clades that supported close relationships between and among families (>50% BS) were obtained, between, for example, Balanopaceae and Chrysobalanaceae; Lacistemataceae and Salicaceae; and Phyllanthaceae and Picrodendraceae. The monophyly of Euphorbiaceae sens. str. were strongly supported (BS 100%), but its sister group was unclear. Euphorbiaceae sens. str. comprised two basally diverging clades (BS 100%): one leading to the Clutia group (Chaetocarpus, Clutia, Pera and Trigonopleura), and the other leading to the rest of the family. The latter shared a palisadal, instead of a tracheoidal exotegmen as a morphological synapomorphy. While both Acalyphoideae (excluding Dicoelia and the Clutia group) and Euphorbioideae are monophyletic, Crotonoideae were paraphyletic, requiring more comprehensive analyses.
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              Uso e diversidade de plantas medicinais da Caatinga na comunidade rural de Laginhas, município de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil)

              O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as formas de uso de plantas medicinais nativas do bioma Caatinga, em comunidade rural no município de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil). Utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e estruturadas buscando informações, junto a especialistas locais, sobre o uso das plantas. São descritos os usos medicinais de 62 espécies, reportadas por 12 informantes (mateiros, rezadeiras, raizeiros, agricultores e donas-de-casa) com idade superior a 35 anos. As famílias com maior representatividade na consulta foram Fabaceae (13 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (6 spp.) Cactaceae (3 spp.) e Lamiaceae (3 spp.). Para revelar as espécies mais importantes foi considerado o grau de consenso entre as respostas dos informantes. A aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão) e o cumaru (Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm.) destacaram-se como as espécies com o maior número de citações, sendo estas também as que obtiveram o maior número de indicações de usos terapêuticos. As cascas e as raízes foram as partes predominantemente consumidas. Os dados levantados por esta pesquisa evidenciaram uma diversidade de espécies da flora seridoense com potencial medicinal e reforçam a importância que a biodiversidade tem sobre as comunidades rurais, viabilizando o início do estudo de manejo da vegetação local.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                2019
                : 70
                : 0
                : e02352017
                Affiliations
                [1] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro de Biociências orgdiv2Lab. Morfo-Taxonomia Vegetal Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602019000100224
                10.1590/2175-7860201970027
                85acc08c-f510-4440-9ab4-af041d620d08

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 June 2017
                : 02 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                taxonomy,Brasil,Flacourtiaceae,Neotrópicos,taxonomia,Brazil,Atlantic Forest,Neotropics,Mata Atlântica

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