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      Efecto de una dieta rica en calcio sobre el metabolismo mineral y óseo en ratas Translated title: Effect of a calcium-rich diet on mineral and bone metabolism in rats

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Una dieta rica en calcio se ha recomendado generalmente para mantener una adecuada salud ósea; no obstante, estudios recientes han despertado la controversia sobre sus beneficios. En este sentido, la mayoría de los estudios existentes en modelos animales están realizados con dietas deficientes en vitamina D. En este estudio se evaluará el efecto de una dieta rica en calcio sobre el metabolismo mineral y la histomorfometría ósea en rata. Además, en células UMR-106 se evaluó el efecto directo del suplemento de calcio sobre la expresión de genes osteogénicos. Material y métodos: Un grupo de ratas wistar macho de aproximadamente 3 meses de edad fue alimentado con dieta de contenido normal de calcio (0,6%) mientras que otro grupo se alimentó con dieta de alto contenido en calcio (1,2%). Transcurridos 20 días se recogieron muestras de orina 24h, sangre para análisis bioquímicos y el fémur para estudio de histomorfometría ósea. In vitro, se estudió la expresión génica de Runx2, Osterix y Osteocalcina en células UMR-106 cultivadas en condiciones de alto contenido en calcio. Resultados: La ingesta de una dieta rica en calcio redujo la concentración de PTH y calcitriol en plasma, aumentó la calciuria y disminuyó la fosfaturia. A nivel óseo, se observó una drástica disminución de la actividad osteoblástica consistente con la bajada de PTH; sin embargo, el volumen trabecular permaneció similar en ambos grupos. In vitro, el suplemento de calcio no disminuyó la expresión de marcadores osteoblásticos en UMR-106, indicando que los efectos in vivo son mayormente indirectos y debidos a la bajada de PTH. Conclusiones: Una dieta de alto contenido en calcio reduce la concentración de PTH y calcitriol en plasma, resultando en una disminución de la actividad osteoblástica.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Objetive: A diet rich in calcium has generally been recommended to maintain adequate bone health. However, recent studies have sparked controversy over its benefits. In this sense, most of the existing studies in animal models are carried out with diets deficient in vitamin D. In this study, the effect of a diet rich in calcium on mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometry in rats is evaluated. In addition, in UMR-106 cells, the direct effect of calcium supplementation on the expression of osteogenic genes is assessed. Material and methods: A group of male wistar rats of approximately 3 months of age was fed a normal calcium content diet (0.6%) while another group received a high calcium content diet (1.2%). After 20 days urine samples were collected 24h, blood for biochemical analysis and the femur for bone histomorphometry study. In vitro, the gene expression of Runx2, Osterix and Osteocalcin was studied in UMR-106 cells cultured under conditions of high calcium content. Results: The ingestion of a diet rich in calcium reduced the concentration of PTH and calcitriol in plasma, increased calciuria and decreased phosphaturia. At the bone level, a drastic decrease in osteoblastic activity was observed, consistent with the decrease in PTH. However, the trabecular volume remained similar in both groups. In vitro, calcium supplementation did not decrease the expression of osteoblastic markers in UMR-106, indicating that the in vivo effects are mostly indirect and due to the decrease in PTH. Conclusions: A high-calcium diet reduces the concentration of PTH and calcitriol in plasma, which results in a decrease in osteoblastic activity.

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          Most cited references19

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          Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: a 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee.

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            Renal control of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis.

            Calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are multivalent cations that are important for many biologic and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these ions. Gastrointestinal absorption is balanced by renal excretion. When body stores of these ions decline significantly, gastrointestinal absorption, bone resorption, and renal tubular reabsorption increase to normalize their levels. Renal regulation of these ions occurs through glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption and/or secretion and is therefore an important determinant of plasma ion concentration. Under physiologic conditions, the whole body balance of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium is maintained by fine adjustments of urinary excretion to equal the net intake. This review discusses how calcium, phosphate, and magnesium are handled by the kidneys.
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              Skeletal sexual dimorphism: relative contribution of sex steroids, GH-IGF1, and mechanical loading.

              Structural gender differences in bone mass - characterized by wider but not thicker bones - are generally attributed to opposing sex steroid actions in men and women. Recent findings have redefined the traditional concept of sex hormones as the main regulators of skeletal sexual dimorphism. GH-IGF1 action is likely to be the most important determinant of sex differences in bone mass. Estrogens limit periosteal bone expansion but stimulate endosteal bone apposition in females, whereas androgens stimulate radial bone expansion in males. Androgens not only act directly on bone through the androgen receptor (AR) but also activate estrogen receptor-α or -β (ERα or ERβ) following aromatization into estrogens. Both the AR and ERα pathways are needed to optimize radial cortical bone expansion, whereas AR signaling alone is the dominant pathway for normal male trabecular bone development. Estrogen/ERα-mediated effects in males may - at least partly - depend on interaction with IGF1. In addition, sex hormones and their receptors have an impact on the mechanical sensitivity of the growing skeleton. AR and ERβ signaling may limit the osteogenic response to loading in males and females respectively, while ERα may stimulate the response of bone to mechanical stimulation in the female skeleton. Overall, current evidence suggests that skeletal sexual dimorphism is not just the end result of differences in sex steroid secretion between the sexes, but depends on gender differences in GH-IGF1 and mechanical sensitivity to loading as well.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                romm
                Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral
                Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner
                Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1889-836X
                2173-2345
                March 2022
                : 14
                : 1
                : 48-54
                Affiliations
                [08] Oporto orgnameUniversidad de Oporto orgdiv1Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud (I3S) Portugal
                [06] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) España
                [01] Córdoba orgnameInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) orgdiv1Unidad de Metabolismo del Calcio y Calcificación Vascular España
                [04] Córdoba orgnameInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) orgdiv1Unidad de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis España
                [07] Braga orgnameHospital de Braga orgdiv1Departamento de Nefrología Portugal
                [09] Oporto orgnameUniversidad de Oporto orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Ingeniería Biomédica (INEB) Portugal
                [03] Córdoba orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía orgdiv1Servicio de Nefrología España
                [05] Córdoba orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Interna España
                [10] Oporto orgnameHospital São João orgdiv1Departamento de Nefrología Portugal
                [02] Córdoba Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba Spain
                [11] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) orgdiv1Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN) España
                Article
                S1889-836X2022000100006 S1889-836X(22)01400100006
                10.4321/s1889-836x2022000100006
                85c4a704-c38a-4f4d-8271-945c711e7536

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 October 2021
                : 08 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                histomorfometría ósea,Calcium,PTH,calcitriol,Calcio,bone histomorphometry

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