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      Tratamento com hrGH da baixa estatura induzida pelo uso crônico de glicocorticóide em crianças Translated title: hrGH treatment of glucocorticoid-induced short stature in children

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          Abstract

          O uso crônico de glicocorticóides no tratamento de doenças sistêmicas causa diminuição da velocidade de crescimento (VC), podendo acarretar perda estatural final. As interações entre o eixo adrenal e o eixo GH-sistema IGF têm sido descritas, podendo ocorrer em nível hipotalâmico-hipofisário e na regulação do sistema IGF, inclusive modulando o sinal do IGF-1R. Pode-se dizer que o quadro clínico deve ser considerado como estado de deficiência de Igf-1, absoluta e/ou funcional. As intervenções que possibilitam a normalização funcional do eixo GH-IGF poderiam reduzir a perda estatural destas crianças. Os estudos realizados em pacientes com artrite reumatóide juvenil em tratamento com corticóides mostraram aceleração da VC e diminuição da perda protéica com o uso de GH recombinante humano (hrGH). A aceleração da VC foi também descrita em pacientes sob corticoterapia crônica por causa da doença intestinal inflamatória ou do transplante renal após o uso de hrGH. A dose de hrGH guarda correlação positiva com a aceleração da VC e os resultados reforçam que esta deficiência funcional do eixo GH-IGF pode ser revertida com a administração de hrGH. O efeito do hrGH é restrito ao período de tratamento e depende do esquema de reposição do hrGH, do estado nutricional e das condições da doença de base.

          Translated abstract

          The treatment of systemic diseases with glucocorticoids is often associated with decreased height velocity (HV), and can result in shorter final height. Interactions between adrenal and GH-IGF axis have been described and can occur at hypothalamic-pituitary level or at the regulation of IGF system, including the IGF1R signaling. The clinical state of these patients may be considered as an absolute and/or functional IGF-1 deficiency. Interventions aiming to restore the normal function of GH-IGF axis might reduce the glucocorticoids-induced growth suppression in these children. It has been shown that recombinant human GH (hrGH) induces an increase in HV and a decrease in protein loss in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with glucocorticoids. Significant increment in HV was also described after hrGH treatment in children under glucocorticoid therapy due to inflammatory bowel disease or renal transplantation. There is a positive correlation between HV and the dose of hrGH. The results support that the IGF-1 deficiency in these children may be counteract by hrGH therapy. The effect of hrGH is observed only during the treatment period and depends on the replacement strategy, nutritional status and disease control.

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          Early Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment in Glucocorticoid-Treated Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A 3-Year Randomized Study

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            Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 proteolysis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a possible role for insulin in the regulation of IGFBP-3 protease activity.

            Limited proteolysis of serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has been described in various conditions and may increase the bioavailability of IGFs. The physiological regulators of serum IGFBP-3 protease activity are unknown. To characterize the relationship between insulin and IGFBP-3 protease activity, we have examined serum IGFBP-3 proteolysis in children with untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and have followed the effect of insulin therapy on serum IGFBP-3 proteolysis at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the initiation of insulin therapy. Ligand blot analysis of sera from untreated children with IDDM showed that intact IGFBP-3 was 50 +/- 9% of the age-matched control pool. After the initiation of insulin treatment, IGFBP-3 did not change significantly at 1 day after treatment but increased dramatically at 1 week (90 +/- 13%) and 1 month after treatment (102 +/- 13%). In contrast, when measured by immunoradiometric assay (which detects both intact and fragments of IGFBP-3), IGFBP-3 levels were 70% of the control pool before insulin therapy and did not increase significantly until 1 month after treatment. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that intact IGFBP-3 doublet was diminished to 41 +/- 7% of controls, whereas the major IGFBP-3 fragment (30 kDa) was increased in IDDM sera before insulin therapy. After insulin, intact IGFBP-3 increased and the 30-kDa fragment decreased to values comparable to those observed in controls. In vivo IGFBP-3 proteolysis, which implies preassay exposure of serum IGFBP-3 to proteases, was estimated by immunoblot analysis. IGFBP-3 proteolysis was increased before insulin therapy (160 +/- 9%) and decreased to 81 +/- 9% at 1 week and to 71 +/- 11% at 1 month after insulin treatment. Residual serum IGFBP-3 protease activity was estimated by a 125I-IGFBP-3 degradation assay. Serum IGFBP-3 protease activity increased significantly in untreated diabetics, compared with activity in controls (128 +/- 5% vs. 99 +/- 11%). During insulin therapy, serum IGFBP-3 protease activity decreased gradually to 91 +/- 5% of control values at 1 month. Molecular sizes of the IGFBP-3 proteolytic fragments (30 kDa, 24 kDa, and 19 kDa) and inhibition profile of IGFBP-3 protease were similar in IDDM and pregnancy sera, indicating that similar proteases (cation-dependent serine proteases) were active in both conditions. These results suggest an important role of insulin in the regulation of IGFBP-3 protease activity. Increased IGFBP-3 proteolysis in the sera of children with IDDM may serve to counteract the catabolic state induced by insulin deficiency.
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              Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of disease activity and recombinant human growth hormone on insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 3, and osteocalcin.

              To investigate possible mechanisms of growth impairment in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo )
                1677-9487
                July 2008
                : 52
                : 5
                : 809-817
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27302008000500013
                10.1590/S0004-27302008000500013
                85dd6c1a-7b5c-4945-b901-b7d968fc54fd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2730&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Glucocorticoid,Glucocorticoid therapy,GH,IGF-1,Growth,Height velocity,Glicocorticóide,Igf-1,Corticoterapia,Crescimento,Velocidade de crescimento

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