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      Development and Preliminary Validation of the Physical Education-Study Process Questionnaire : Insights for Physical Education University Students

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          Abstract

          Background

          The Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) is used to examine students' study approaches in higher education. The questionnaire is designed to measure two factors: deep and surface approaches. In order to measure these approaches for students in physical education and sport, a new measurement instrument should take into consideration the practical context of this field of education that makes it specific to other fields.

          Objective

          The present study aims (a) to develop and empirical test of a new instrument for measuring the study process in physical education and sports students, and (b) to test psychometric properties of the tool.

          Methods

          Two exploratory and confirmatory samples of physical education students enrolled in a bachelor's degree program in physical education at the High Institute of Physical Education and Sports of Kef-Tunisia, aged 19–26 years, were recruited online among female students ( n = 414) and male students ( n = 393). The participants filled in Google Form survey including Physical Education-Study Process Questionnaire (PE-SPQ) and the Arabic version of the Revised Study Process Questionnaire-2 Factors (R-SPQ-2F).

          Results

          Exploratory factor analysis showed a suitable four factors solution, which is approved by confirmatory factor analysis indices [χ2 = 466.47, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.56 IC 90% (0.050–0.062)]. Internal consistency of the PE-SPQ simultaneously checked by McDonald's ω, Cronbach's α and Gutmann's λ6 showed good reliability of the PE-SPQ. Convergent validity examined by Average variance extracted (AVE) was good. The comparison between the AVE root mean square and Pearson correlation coefficients of each factor with his indicators reveals the discriminant validity of the PE-SPQ. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation between the PE-SPQ factors and the R-SPQ-2F establishes the concurrent validity of the new scale.

          Conclusion

          The PE-SPQ scale is valid and reliable and can be used to assess study process factors in physical education students.

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          Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 856167
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Human and Social Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba , Jendouba, Tunisia
                [2] 2Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
                [3] 3Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
                [4] 4Department of Human Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
                [5] 5Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Studies, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , Elverum, Norway
                [6] 6Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University , Sandnes, Norway
                [7] 7Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University , Toronto, ON, Canada
                [8] 8Department of Neuroscience, University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Wing Fai Yeung, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

                Reviewed by: Wanderson Silva, Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil; Sai-fu Fung, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

                *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi robertobragazzi@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.856167
                PMC ID: 8968756
                SO-VID: 861ed7cb-6a70-4cf3-859d-d4b4d5a4b02b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Tannoubi, Guelmami, Bonsaksen, Chalghaf, Azaiez and Bragazzi.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 16 January 2022
                Date accepted : 21 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 104, Pages: 11, Words: 9121
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: approach to learning,deep approach,physical education,surface approach,psychometric
                Data availability:
                Keywords: approach to learning, deep approach, physical education, surface approach, psychometric

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