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      Carbono orgánico y propiedades físicas del suelo en predios hortícolas del sur de Uruguay Translated title: Summary Soil organic carbon and physical properties in vegetable farms in South Uruguay

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          Abstract

          El sur del Uruguay es la zona del país con mayor incidencia y severidad de la erosión de los suelos y donde se concentra la mayor parte de la horticultura del país. La intensificación y especialización de los sistemas hortícolas como respuesta a condiciones desfavorables del contexto socio-económico, sin una adecuada planificación, ha profundizado el deterioro de la calidad del recurso suelo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos caracterizar el estado del suelo (Vertisoles rúpticos y Brunosoles éutricos/subéutricos típicos/lúvicos) en 16 predios hortícolas en el sur de Uruguay, así como evaluar el efecto de la adopción de alternativas de manejo en la calidad del suelo. Se evaluaron el contenido de carbono orgánico (COS), la estabilidad estructural inicial y la evolución del COS. Se detectó un deterioro de la calidad del suelo, evidenciado en una pérdida promedio de COS entre 31 a 44% y de la estabilidad estructural de 0,40 mm respecto a la situación de referencia. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para la diferencia de COS (Mg ha-1) en cuadros cultivados, al inicio y al final del período estudiado. Los aportes anuales de materia seca -abono verde y cama de pollo-, el nivel inicial del carbono y el período en años, explicaron significativamente la evolución del COS en los cuadros cultivados. El modelo ajustado es una herramienta simple para estimar el efecto de estas enmiendas en el balance de COS de suelos bajo cultivo de hortalizas en esta zona.

          Translated abstract

          The South of Uruguay is the area of the country most severely affected by soil erosion and where the most important vegetable production area is located. Soil degradation has been aggravated by a process of intensification and specialization of the vegetable production due to an unfavorable socio-economic context and lack of adequate planning of the production systems. The objectives of this work were the description of current soil quality (Typic Hapluderts, Paquic (vertic) Argiudolls, and Abruptic Argiudolls) in 16 vegetable farms in the region, and the evaluation of the impact of improved management techniques on soil quality. We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC), soil structure stability and the evolution of SOC in time. We found a degradation of soil quality under vegetable cropping compared to the reference sites, given by an average loss of SOC of 31 to 44% and 0.4 mm in structure stability. A linear regression model was fitted to explain the change in SOC content observed in fields under vegetable cultivation during the period under study. The change in SOC content was explained by the organic matter inputs by green manures and chicken bed, the initial SOC content and length of the period in years. This model is a simple tool to estimate the effect of soil organic amendments on SOC balance in soils under vegetable cropping in this region.

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          Soil Aggregate Stability: A Review

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            Quantification of the Effect of Soil Organic Matter Content on Soil Productivity

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              Soil quality for sustainable land management: organic matter and aggregation interactions that maintain soil functions

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Montevideo )
                2301-1548
                June 2011
                : 15
                : 1
                : 70-81
                Affiliations
                [1 ] UdelaR Uruguay
                [2 ] UdelaR Uruguay
                Article
                S2301-15482011000100009
                862d50c3-7332-4bfa-a386-a2a96ddc39c0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Uruguay

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2301-1548&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY
                AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                AGRONOMY

                Animal agriculture,Agricultural engineering,General agriculture,Agricultural economics & Resource management,Horticulture
                soil organic carbon,soil quality,organic amendments,carbono orgánico,estabilidad estructural,enmiendas orgánicas

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