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      Stability evaluation of 7% chloral hydrate syrup contained in mono and multi-dose bottles under room and refrigeration conditions Translated title: Evaluación de la estabilidad de un jarabe de hidrato de cloral al 7% en envases mono y multidosis bajo condiciones ambiente y de refrigeración

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To evaluate the stability of an extemporaneously prepared 7% chloral hydrate syrup under different conditions of storage and dispensing. Methods: Three batches of 7% chloral hydrate syrup were prepared. Each batch was stored in 50 light-resistant glass containers of 60 mL with child-resistant caps and in two bottles of 1000 mL to simulate two forms of dispensing, mono and multi-dose, respectively. Twenty five mono-dose bottles and a multi-dose bottle of each batch were stored under room conditions (20 ± 1ºC) and the rest of the samples were stored in the fridge (5 ± 2ºC). The physical, chemical and microbiological stability was evaluated for 180 days. Stability was defined as retention of at least 95% of the initial concentration of chloral hydrate, the absence of both visible particulate matter, or color and/or odor changes and the compliance with microbiological attributes of non-sterile pharmaceutical products. Results: At least 98% of the initial chloral hydrate concentration remained throughout the 180-day study period. There were no detectable changes in color, odor, specific gravity and pH and no visible microbial growth. These results were not affected by storage, room or refrigeration conditions or by the frequent opening or closing of the multi-dose containers. Conclusions: Extemporaneously compounded 7% chloral hydrate syrup was stable for at least 180 days when stored in mono or multi-dose light-resistant glass containers at room temperature and under refrigeration.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo: Evaluar la estabilidad de un jarabe extemporáneo de hidrato de cloral al 7% bajo diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento y dispensación. Métodos: Se prepararon tres lotes de hidrato de cloral. Cada lote se almacenó en 50 contenedores de vidrio resistentes a la luz de 60 ml con tapones de protección infantil y en dos botes de 1000 ml para simular dos formas de dispensación, mono y multidosis, respectivamente. Veinticinco envases monodosis y un envase multidosis de cada lote se almacenaron en condiciones ambiente (20 ± 1ºC)y el resto de las muestras se almacenaron en el frigorífico (5 ± 2ºC). Se evaluaron las estabilidades física, química y microbiológica durante 180 días. Se definió la estabilidad como la retención de al menos el 95% de la concentración inicial del hidrato de cloral, la ausencia de partículas visibles y de cambios en el color y/o el olor, así como el cumplimiento de los requisitos microbiológicos de los productos farmacéuticos no estériles. Resultados: Al menos el 98% de la concentración inicial de hidrato de cloral se mantuvo a lo largo de los 180 días del periodo de estudio. No se apreciaron cambios detectables en el olor, el color ni la densidad o el pH y tampoco se apreció crecimiento microbiológico. Estos resultados no se vieron influidos por las condiciones de almacenamiento, estar a temperatura ambiente o refrigerada ni por la frecuencia de apertura y cierre de los contenedores multidosis. Conclusiones: El compuesto de jarabe de hidrato de cloral extemporáneo al 7% fue estable durante al menos 180 días en envases de vidrio mono o multidosis, resistentes a la luz, a temperatura ambiente y con refrigeración.

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          Most cited references33

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          Chloral hydrate versus midazolam for sedation of children for neuroimaging: a randomized clinical trial.

          The comparative safety and efficacy of chloral hydrate and midazolam for sedation of children has not been adequately studied. In a double-blind randomized trial, at a single university hospital, we enrolled 40 children, ages 2 months to 8 years, in an out-patient neuroimaging study. Children judged to require sedation were enrolled during a 14-month period ending August 1995. They received identically appearing liquids of equal volume of either chloral hydrate (75 mg/kg, maximum 2 g) or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, maximum 10 mg) by mouth. Children were monitored for changes in arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse, respiration and anxiety. Efficacy was judged by evaluating the child's ability to complete the intended scan. Supplemental dosing was administered to children who were judged inadequately sedated 30 minutes after the initial medication. Interim analysis demonstrated a significant sedation failure rate. Of 40 enrolled children, 33 completed the protocol. Efficacy was significantly improved for the chloral hydrate group for both ability to perform the scan, chloral hydrate = 11/11 (100%, 95% CI = 72-100) vs. midazolam = 11/22 (50%, 95% CI = 29-71), and the need for supplementary dosing, chloral hydrate = 1/11 (9%, 95% CI = 0-26) vs midazolam = 12/22 (55%, 95% CI = 34-76), P<0.05. Mean duration of sedation was not significantly different. No physiological deterioration occurred and no oxygen administration was required. We conclude that, in these doses, oral chloral hydrate may provide more effective sedation than midazolam for brief neuroimaging studies in young children.
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            A randomized, blinded comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam sedation in children undergoing echocardiography.

            The objective of this prospective, randomized, and blinded study was to compare the use of chloral hydrate versus oral midazolam sedation in children undergoing echocardiography. No adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, paradoxical agitation, or significant deviations from baseline vital signs) were noted with either medication. No differences were noted in onset of sedation between the 2 groups, however, the time to complete recovery was significantly shorter with midazolam than with chloral hydrate. The children in the chloral hydrate group had a significantly deeper level of sedation and were more likely to receive a more nearly comprehensive echocardiographic evalation.
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              Real Farmacopea Española

              (2000)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                February 2013
                : 37
                : 1
                : 4-9
                Affiliations
                [02] Santa Rosa orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Argentina
                [04] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacia Argentina
                [01] orgnameHospital Nacional de Clínicas orgdiv1Farmacia Central
                [05] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas orgdiv2Centro de Química Aplicada CEQUIMAP Argentina
                [03] orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
                Article
                S1130-63432013000100002
                10.7399/FH.2013.37.1.96
                862f1296-d391-4501-8be9-9dbfb18a0195

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 December 2012
                : 07 October 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Jarabe de hidrato de cloral,Sedación,Formulación,Pediatría,Estabilidad,Chloral hydrate syrup,Sedation,Compounding,Pediatrics,Stability

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