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      Social Support and Symptom Severity Among Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: A Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by major behavioral dysruptions that may affect patients’ social and marital functioning. The disorders’ impact on interpersonal relationships may also affect the quality of support patients receive from their social network. The main goal of this systematic review is to determine the association between social or marital support and symptom severity among adults with PD/A or OCD. A systematic search of databases was executed and provided 35 eligible articles. Results from OCD studies indicated a negative association between marital adjustment and symptom severity, and a positive association between accommodation from relatives and symptom severity. However, results were inconclusive for negative forms of social support (e.g. criticism, hostility). Results from PD/A studies indicated a negative association between perceived social support and symptom severity. Also, results from studies using an observational measure of marital adjustment indicated a negative association between quality of support from the spouse and PD/A severity. However, results were inconclusive for perceived marital adjustment and symptom severity. In conclusion, this systematic review generally suggests a major role of social and marital support in PD/A and OCD symptomatology. However, given diversity of results and methods used in studies, more are needed to clarify the links between support and symptom severity among patients with PD/A and OCD.

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          Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

          Theo Vos, Abraham D. Flaxman, Mohsen Naghavi … (2013)
          Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs). Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis. Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.

            S. Cohen, T A Wills (1985)
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              Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads

              Graham B. Spanier (1976)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EJOP
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Psychol
                Title: Europe's Journal of Psychology
                Abbreviated Title: Eur. J. Psychol.
                Publisher: PsychOpen
                ISSN (Electronic): 1841-0413
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 March 2018
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 254-286
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal, Canada
                [b ]Faculty of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
                [c ]Department of Sociology, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal, Canada
                [d ]School of Criminology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
                [e ] Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
                [6]Department of Psychology, Webster University Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
                [7]Psychology Department, College of New Rochelle, New Rochelle, NY, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Canada. el-baalbaki.ghassan@ 123456uqam.ca
                Article
                Publisher ID: ejop.v14i1.1252
                DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1252
                PMC ID: 5973527
                PubMed ID: 29899808
                SO-VID: 864216c8-c757-4f57-b8fd-133b9e0f493d
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2018
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 July 2016
                Date accepted : 11 August 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Literature Reviews

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Psychology
                Keywords: marital adjustment,panic disorder,agoraphobia,obsessive-compulsive disorder,social support,accommodation,expressed emotion
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Psychology
                Keywords: marital adjustment, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social support, accommodation, expressed emotion

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