Complete Genome Sequences of 13  Bacillus subtilis  Soil Isolates for Studying Secondary Metabolite Diversity

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Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is a plant-benefiting soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium with secondary metabolite production potential. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 13 B. subtilis strains isolated from different soil samples in Germany and Denmark.

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Most cited references 11

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Fruiting body formation by Bacillus subtilis.

S S Branda, J González-Pastor, S Ben-Yehuda … (2001)

Spore formation by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis has long been studied as a model for cellular differentiation, but predominantly as a single cell. When analyzed within the context of highly structured, surface-associated communities (biofilms), spore formation was discovered to have heretofore unsuspected spatial organization. Initially, motile cells differentiated into aligned chains of attached cells that eventually produced aerial structures, or fruiting bodies, that served as preferential sites for sporulation. Fruiting body formation depended on regulatory genes required early in sporulation and on genes evidently needed for exopolysaccharide and surfactin production. The formation of aerial structures was robust in natural isolates but not in laboratory strains, an indication that multicellularity has been lost during domestication of B. subtilis. Other microbial differentiation processes long thought to involve only single cells could display the spatial organization characteristic of multicellular organisms when studied with recent natural isolates.

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Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group

Simon Caulier, Catherine Nannan, Annika Gillis … (2019)

Over the last seven decades, applications using members of the Bacillus subtilis group have emerged in both food processes and crop protection industries. Their ability to form survival endospores and the plethora of antimicrobial compounds they produce has generated an increased industrial interest as food preservatives, therapeutic agents and biopesticides. In the growing context of food biopreservation and biological crop protection, this review suggests a comprehensive way to visualize the antimicrobial spectrum described within the B. subtilis group, including volatile compounds. This classification distinguishes the bioactive metabolites based on their biosynthetic pathways and chemical nature: i.e., ribosomal peptides (RPs), volatile compounds, polyketides (PKs), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), and hybrids between PKs and NRPs. For each clade, the chemical structure, biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity are described and exemplified. This review aims at constituting a convenient and updated classification of antimicrobial metabolites from the B. subtilis group, whose complex phylogeny is prone to further development.

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Density of founder cells affects spatial pattern formation and cooperation in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.

Jordi van Gestel, Franz Weissing, Oscar P. Kuipers … (2014)

In nature, most bacteria live in surface-attached sedentary communities known as biofilms. Biofilms are often studied with respect to bacterial interactions. Many cells inhabiting biofilms are assumed to express 'cooperative traits', like the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). These traits can enhance biofilm-related properties, such as stress resilience or colony expansion, while being costly to the cells that express them. In well-mixed populations cooperation is difficult to achieve, because non-cooperative individuals can reap the benefits of cooperation without having to pay the costs. The physical process of biofilm growth can, however, result in the spatial segregation of cooperative from non-cooperative individuals. This segregation can prevent non-cooperative cells from exploiting cooperative neighbors. Here we examine the interaction between spatial pattern formation and cooperation in Bacillus subtilis biofilms. We show, experimentally and by mathematical modeling, that the density of cells at the onset of biofilm growth affects pattern formation during biofilm growth. At low initial cell densities, co-cultured strains strongly segregate in space, whereas spatial segregation does not occur at high initial cell densities. As a consequence, EPS-producing cells have a competitive advantage over non-cooperative mutants when biofilms are initiated at a low density of founder cells, whereas EPS-deficient cells have an advantage at high cell densities. These results underline the importance of spatial pattern formation for competition among bacterial strains and the evolution of microbial cooperation.

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Contributors

Irene L. G. Newton: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Microbiol Resour Announc

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Microbiol Resour Announc

Journal ID (hwp): ga

Journal ID (pmc): mra

Journal ID (publisher-id): MRA

Title: Microbiology Resource Announcements

Publisher: American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )

ISSN (Electronic): 2576-098X

Publication date Collection: January 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 9 January 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: e01406-19

Affiliations

[a ]Bacterial Interactions and Evolution Group, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

[b ]Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary

[c ]Microbial Genome Sequencing Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

[d ]Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

[e ]The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Indiana University, Bloomington

Author notes

Address correspondence to Ákos T. Kovács, atkovacs@ 123456dtu.dk .

Citation Kiesewalter HT, Lozano-Andrade CN, Maróti G, Snyder D, Cooper VS, Jørgensen TS, Weber T, Kovács ÁT. 2020. Complete genome sequences of 13 Bacillus subtilis soil isolates for studying secondary metabolite diversity. Microbiol Resour Announc 9:e01406-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01406-19.

Author information

Heiko T. Kiesewalter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-5894

Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-4505

Vaughn S. Cooper https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-0765

Ákos T. Kovács https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-1636

Article

Publisher ID: MRA01406-19

DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01406-19

PMC ID: 6952667

PubMed ID: 31919181

SO-VID: 864eae6b-73f5-4421-8514-cea7bc341065

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

History

Date received : 14 November 2019

Date accepted : 10 December 2019

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 3, Words: 1939

Funding

Funded by: Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF), https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001732;

Award ID: DNRF137

Award Recipient : Ákos T. Kovács

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cover-date January 2020

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Complete Genome Sequences of 13 Bacillus subtilis Soil Isolates for Studying Secondary Metabolite Diversity

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Most cited references 11

Fruiting body formation by Bacillus subtilis.

Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group

Density of founder cells affects spatial pattern formation and cooperation in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.

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