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      Behavioural therapy in the treatment of obesity (I): New directions for clinical practice Translated title: Terapia de comportamiento en el tratamiento de la obesidad (I): Nuevas direcciones en la práctica clínica

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          Abstract

          Objectives: Behavioural therapy (BT) in obesity treatment helps individuals to develop skills to achieve healthier body weights. Instead of helping to decide what to change, it helps to identify how to change; lifestyle modification is essential for any treatment of obesity, be it dieting, medication, surgery, etc. Physicians often tend to be unwilling to use BT considering it time-consuming and skill-intensive. However, BT can be standardized and used more readily in clinical practice. Besides, new approaches have been developed which contribute to increase the success of the treatments, like non face-to-face techniques, or the new cognitive therapy. Setting: Classical knowledge on BT has been updated with recent publications and information on these new approaches, combined with our own experience in the clinical treatment of obesity. Results: Most research on BT has been conducted in university-based programs which, despite their importance, tell us little about its effectiveness in actual clinical practice. Future research might focus on determining how BT can be best applied in a real-world setting. Examples of new directions are increased maintenance periods, use of Internet, and new cognitive therapy. Besides, elucidating the genetic component in the prognosis of weight management -the nutrigenomic approach- could assist in the development of more effective and individually tailored therapeutic strategies; indeed, single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes have been related with eating patterns. Conclusions: This review gives a renewed perspective of BT for obesity, offers key-pointers and describes specific ways in which medical professionals can promote and encourage self-care of patients.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivos: La terapia conductual (TC) en la obesidad busca desarrollar habilidades que promuevan un peso saludable. En lugar de qué cambiar, se trata de identificar cómo cambiar, pues modificar el estilo de vida es esencial para cualquier tratamiento de la obesidad, ya sea dietético, farmacológico, quirúrgico, etc. Los profesionales médicos suelen ser reacios a emplearla, considerando que exige tiempo y habilidades específicas. Sin embargo, la TC puede ser fácilmente estandarizada y aplicada en la práctica clínica, y nuevos enfoques y técnicas contribuyen a un mayor éxito del tratamiento. Ámbito: Se ha actualizado el conocimiento existente sobre TC, combinando información sobre los nuevos enfoques con nuestra propia experiencia en el tratamiento clínico de la obesidad. Resultados: Los estudios sobre TC provienen principalmente del ámbito académico y, aunque son importantes, dan poca información sobre la efectividad de la TC en la práctica clínica. Investigaciones futuras deberían determinar cómo la TC puede ser aplicada en un contexto clínico realista. Ejemplos de los nuevos enfoques son: el incremento del período de mantenimiento, el uso de internet, o la nueva terapia cognitiva. Asimismo, considerar el componente genético en la prognosis del control del peso corporal podría ayudar a desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas más efectivas y personalizadas; de hecho, ciertos polimorfismos génicos se han relacionado con la adopción de determinados patrones alimentarios. Conclusiones: Esta revisión presenta una perspectiva renovada de la TC para la obesidad, ofrece puntos clave y describe vías específicas por las que el profesional médico puede promover la participación activa de los pacientes.

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          Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes): design and methods for a clinical trial of weight loss for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.

          Overweight and obesity are major contributors to both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, individuals with type 2 diabetes who are overweight or obese are at particularly high risk for CVD morbidity and mortality. Although short-term weight loss has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and CVD risk factors, the long-term consequences of intentional weight loss in overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes have not been adequately examined. The primary objective of the Look AHEAD clinical trial is to assess the long-term effects (up to 11.5 years) of an intensive weight loss program delivered over 4 years in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Approximately 5000 male and female participants who have type 2 diabetes, are 45-74 years of age, and have a body mass index >or=25 kg/m(2) will be randomized to one of the two groups. The intensive lifestyle intervention is designed to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. This program is compared to a control condition given diabetes support and education. The primary study outcome is time to incidence of a major CVD event. The study is designed to provide a 0.90 probability of detecting an 18% difference in major CVD event rates between the two groups. Other outcomes include components of CVD risk, cost and cost-effectiveness, diabetes control and complications, hospitalizations, intervention processes, and quality of life.
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            What is a reasonable weight loss? Patients' expectations and evaluations of obesity treatment outcomes.

            Expert panels and governmental guidelines now recommend that obese persons seek modest (i.e., "reasonable") reductions in body weight rather than striving for "ideal" weights. Little is known, however, about patients' views of what is a "reasonable" weight loss. This study assessed patients' goals, expectations, and evaluations of various outcomes before, during, and after 48 weeks of treatment. Before treatment, 60 obese women (99.1 +/- 12.3 kg; body mass index of 36.3 +/- 4.3 kg/ m2) defined their goal weight and 4 other weights: "dream weight"; "happy weight"; "acceptable weight"; and "disappointed weight." Goal weight averaged a 32% reduction in body weight. A 17-kg weight loss was defined as disappointed; a 25-kg loss, was acceptable. After 48 weeks of treatment and a 16-kg weight loss, 47% of patients did not achieve even a disappointed weight. These data illustrate the dramatic disparity between patients' expectations and professional recommendations and the need to help patients accept more modest weight loss outcomes.
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              Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 689-697
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2009
                : 24
                : 6
                : 629-639
                Affiliations
                [01] Murcia orgnameUniversity of Murcia orgdiv1Faculty of Biology orgdiv2Department of Physiology Spain
                [02] Liverpool orgnameUniversity of Liverpool orgdiv1School of Clinical Sciences orgdiv2Obesity Biology Research Unit UK
                Article
                S0212-16112009000600002
                867425b0-27fc-4da8-b9ac-0b465c8e92d4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 February 2009
                : 21 May 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Terapia conductual,Obesidad,Práctica clínica,Terapia cognitiva,Behavioural therapy,Obesity,Clinical practice,Cognitive therapy

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