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      Overweight and obesity in women participating in social feeding programs in Mexico: data from vulnerable population groups in the Mexican National Nutrition and Health Survey 2018 Translated title: Sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres participantes en programas de alimentación social en México: datos de grupos poblacionales vulnerables en la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud de México 2018

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, social feeding programs often target only undernutrition in vulnerable population groups. Objective: to estimate the association of overweight and obesity (OW) with participation in a conditional cash transfers (CCT) program and other social feeding programs in women 15-49 years of age within the most economically vulnerable population in Mexico. Methods: anthropometric data, as well as information on participation in social feeding programs, household food insecurity and sociodemographic variables, were analyzed for women aged 15-49 living in localities of under 100,000 inhabitants in Mexico. Data was derived from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between OW and participation in social feeding programs, as well as other covariables. Results: the prevalence of OW in women who benefited from CCT was 62 %, while for women who participated in this as well as other programs the prevalence was 72.9 % (p = 0.04). A protective association was observed between the CCT program and OW (OR = 0.72, p = 0.04). Additionally, benefitting from DIF Community Kitchens revealed a risk association with OW (OR = 2.76, p = 0.03). Conclusions: it is critical that the design of public policy and social feeding programs consider the scientific evidence generated through rich experiences in Mexico, such as the program of CCT Prospera. This will allow decision-makers to address the epidemiological health and nutrition problems impacting the Mexican population today.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: México es un país con alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Sin embargo, los programas de alimentación social a menudo se enfocan solo en la desnutrición en grupos de población vulnerables. Objetivo: estimar la asociación del sobrepeso y la obesidad (SO) con la participación en un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (TMC) y otros programas de sociales de alimentación en mujeres de 15 a 49 años de la población económicamente más vulnerable de México. Métodos: se analizaron datos antropométricos, así como información sobre participación en programas de alimentación social, inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar y variables sociodemográficas de mujeres de 15 a 49 años residentes en localidades de menos de 100.000 habitantes en México. Los datos se derivaron de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de México 2018. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para estimar la asociación entre SO y la participación en programas de alimentación social, así como otras covariables. Resultados: la prevalencia de SO en las mujeres que se beneficiaron de TMC fue del 62 %, mientras que para las mujeres que participaron de este y otros programas la prevalencia fue del 72,9 % (p = 0,04). Se observó una asociación protectora entre el programa CCT y SO (OR = 0,72, p = 0,04). Además, beneficiarse de los comedores comunitarios del DIF reveló una asociación de riesgo con SO (OR = 2,76, p = 0,03). Conclusiones: es fundamental que el diseño de políticas públicas y programas de alimentación social consideren la evidencia científica generada a través de diversas experiencias en México, como el programa de TMC Prospera. Esto permitirá a los tomadores de decisiones abordar los problemas epidemiológicos de salud y nutrición que afectan a la población mexicana en la actualidad.

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          Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

          OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.
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            Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review

            Summary We undertook a systematic review of studies assessing the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and measured obesity in low- and middle-income countries (defined by the World Bank as countries with per capita income up to US$12,275) among children, men and women. The evidence on the subject has grown significantly since an earlier influential review was published in 2004. We find that in low-income countries or in countries with low human development index (HDI), the association between SES and obesity appears to be positive for both men and women: the more affluent and/or those with higher educational attainment tend to be more likely to be obese. However, in middle-income countries or in countries with medium HDI, the association becomes largely mixed for men and mainly negative for women. This particular shift appears to occur at an even lower level of per capita income than suggested by an influential earlier review. By contrast, obesity in children appears to be predominantly a problem of the rich in low- and middle-income countries.
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              Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study.

              Malnutrition causes death and impaired health in millions of children. Existing interventions are effective under controlled conditions; however, little information is available on their effectiveness in large-scale programs. To document the short-term nutritional impact of a large-scale, incentive-based development program in Mexico (Progresa), which included a nutritional component. A randomized effectiveness study of 347 communities randomly assigned to immediate incorporation to the program in 1998 (intervention group; n = 205) or to incorporation in 1999 (crossover intervention group; n = 142). A random sample of children in those communities was surveyed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years afterward. Participants were from low-income households in poor rural communities in 6 central Mexican states. Children (N = 650) 12 months of age or younger (n = 373 intervention group; n = 277 crossover intervention group) were included in the analyses. Children and pregnant and lactating women in participating households received fortified nutrition supplements, and the families received nutrition education, health care, and cash transfers. Two-year height increments and anemia rates as measured by blood hemoglobin levels in participating children. Progresa was associated with better growth in height among the poorest and younger infants. Age- and length-adjusted height was greater by 1.1 cm (26.4 cm in the intervention group vs 25.3 cm in the crossover intervention group) among infants younger than 6 months at baseline and who lived in the poorest households. After 1 year, mean hemoglobin values were higher in the intervention group (11.12 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-11.3 g/dL) than in the crossover intervention group (10.75 g/dL; 95% CI, 10.5-11.0 g/dL) who had not yet received the benefits of the intervention (P =.01). There were no differences in hemoglobin levels between the 2 groups at year 2 after both groups were receiving the intervention. The age-adjusted rate of anemia (hemoglobin level <11 g/dL) in 1999 was higher in the crossover intervention group than in the intervention group (54.9% vs 44.3%; P =.03), whereas in 2000 the difference was not significant (23.0% vs 25.8%, respectively; P =.40). Progresa, a large-scale, incentive-based development program with a nutritional intervention, is associated with better growth and lower rates of anemia in low-income, rural infants and children in Mexico.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2023
                : 40
                : 6
                : 1219-1228
                Affiliations
                [3] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Center for Nutrition and Health Research Mexico
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán orgdiv1Department of Applied Nutrition and Nutritional Education México
                [1] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Center for Evaluation and Survey Research Mexico
                [4] Aguascallientes orgnameUnidad Aguascalientes orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas México
                Article
                S0212-16112023000800014 S0212-1611(23)04000600014
                10.20960/nh.04603
                86742b3f-bef9-489c-a9c1-a6f51d04bbd0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 January 2023
                : 07 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Encuesta nacional,México,Conditional cash transfers,Social feeding programs,Women obesity,National survey,Mexico,Transferencias monetarias condicionadas,Programas de alimentación social,Obesidad en mujeres

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