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      Síndrome do climatério: inquérito populacional domiciliar em Campinas, SP Translated title: Climacteric syndrome: a population-based study in Brazil

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência de sintomas climatéricos, urogeniatais e sexuais em população de mulheres do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, de base populacional. Selecionaram-se, por meio de processo de amostragem, 456 mulheres, residentes no município de Campinas, SP, na faixa etária de 45-60 anos de idade, em 1997, segundo informações da agência local do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares, com questionários estruturados e pré-testados. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado, teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância estatística menor que 0,05. A intensidade dos sintomas climatéricos foi analisada pelos índices circulatório e psicológico. A análise de componentes principais foi utilizada para determinar a inter-relação dos sintomas climatéricos. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas climatéricos mais prevalentes foram: nervosismo (82%), fogachos (70%), cefaléia (68%), irritabilidade (67%) e sudorese (59%). Os fogachos, a sudorese e a insônia foram significativamente mais prevalentes na peri e pós-menopausa. A freqüência (intensidade) dos sintomas vasomotores e psicológicos não variou segundo o estado menopausal. A prevalência de incontinência urinária foi de 27,4%. A queixa de dispareunia e secura vaginal foi pouco freqüente. Em relação às queixas sexuais, a diminuição do interesse sexual foi a mais freqüente. Constatou-se que algumas queixas climatéricas são inter-relacionadas. O primeiro aglomerado incluiu as ondas de calor e a sudorese (aglomerado vasomotor). O segundo, depressão, nervosismo e irritabilidade (aglomerado psicológico) e o terceiro, tontura e palpitação (aglomerado atípico). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de sintomas climatéricos na população estudada foi elevada e semelhante à descrita em países ocidentais desenvolvidos.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of climacteric, urogenital and sexual symptoms in a population of Brazilian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive population-based study was conducted. The selection of 456 women aged 45-60 years, living in Campinas, SP, in 1997, was done through area cluster sampling, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data were collected via home interviews, using structured pretested questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test; a probability of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The degree of climacteric symptoms was analyzed through circulatory and psychological indices. Analysis of the main components was used to determine symptom interrelationships. RESULTS: The most prevalent symptoms were nervousness (82%), hot flushes (70%), headache (68%), irritability (67%) and sweating (59%). Hot flushes, sweating and insomnia were significantly more prevalent in the peri and postmenopausal phases. The frequency (severity) of vasomotor and psychological symptoms did not vary according to the menopause phase. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 27.4%. Complaints of dyspareunia and vaginal dryness were infrequent. Decreased libido was the most frequent sexual complaint. It was observed that some climacteric complaints were interrelated. The first cluster included hot flushes and sweating (vasomotor cluster). The second cluster included nervousness, depression and irritability (psychological cluster). The third cluster included dizziness and palpitation (atypical cluster). CONCLUSION: Climacteric symptoms in this population were highly prevalent and similar to those described in developed Western countries.

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          Most cited references57

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          Climacteric and menopause in seven South-east Asian countries.

          The menopause is universal, but what about the climacteric? In an attempt to answer this question, a study was conducted in seven south-east Asian countries, namely, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan. Samples of approximately 400 women in each country were questioned about a number of climacteric complaints, incontinence and dyspareunia, consultation of a physician, menopausal status and several background characteristics. Special care was taken to overcome linguistic and cultural problems, and the data collected were kept as objective as possible. From the results obtained we were able to show that the climacteric was indeed experienced in south-east Asian countries, although in a mild form. The prevalence of hot flushes and of sweating was lower than in western countries, but was nevertheless not negligible. The percentages of women who reported the more psychological types of complaint were similar to those in western countries. The occurrence of climacteric complaints affected perceived health status. A physician was consulted for climacteric complaints by 20% of the respondents, although this was most frequently associated with the occurrence of psychological complaints and less so with that of hot flushes and sweating. The median age at menopause (51.09) appeared to be within the ranges observed in western countries. Ethnic background and age at menarche were found to have a significant influence on age at menopause. The study clearly demonstrated that climacteric complaints occur in south-east Asia. The findings suggest, however, that vasomotor-complaint-related distress might be 'translated' into psychological complaints, which are more frequently considered to warrant consulting a physician.
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            The age and symptomatology of natural menopause among United Arab Emirates women.

            To determine the median age of natural menopause in United Arab Emirates women, the factors affecting that age and the prevalence of climacteric symptoms amongst those women.
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              The south-east England longitudinal study of the climacteric and postmenopause.

              Fifty-six premenopausal women were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 850 women living in South-East England. They were recontacted 3 years later when 36 met the criterion of being naturally peri- or postmenopausal. Somatic, vasomotor and emotional symptoms, as well as general health, use of medical services and beliefs about the menopause, were assessed on both occasions using the Women's Health Questionnaire (a symptom scale standardized for use with this age group). In general, the cross-sectional findings were confirmed--vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems and to a lesser extent depressed mood increased during the peri- and postmenopause. However, ratings of general health and use of medical services remained unchanged. A stepwise regression analysis was used to predict depressed mood and hot flushes in peri- and postmenopausal women. The results illustrate the importance of previously existing symptoms, stereotyped beliefs and social factors in explanations of climacteric symptoms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsp
                Revista de Saúde Pública
                Rev. Saúde Pública
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0034-8910
                1518-8787
                December 2003
                : 37
                : 6
                : 735-742
                Affiliations
                [01] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Tocoginecologia Brasil
                [02] Campinas SP orgnameCentro Materno Infantil de Campinas Brasil
                Article
                S0034-89102003000600008 S0034-8910(03)03700608
                10.1590/S0034-89102003000600008
                869cd05a-c669-465d-b944-5ca936ac37f8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 July 2003
                : 26 March 2002
                : 30 July 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Climacteric,Climatério,Menopause,Cross-sectional studies,Menopausa,Estudos transversais

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