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      Elevated body mass index as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease: current perspectives

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
      Publisher: Dove Medical Press
      Keywords: obesity, chronic renal disease, adipokine

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          Abstract

          Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative as the presence of reduced kidney function or kidney damage for a period of 3 months or greater. Obesity is considered a risk factor for CKD development, but its precise role in contributing to CKD and end stage kidney disease is not fully elucidated. In this narrative review, the objectives are to describe the pathogenesis of CKD in obesity, including the impact of altered adipokine secretion in obesity and CKD, and to provide an overview of the clinical studies assessing the risk of obesity and CKD development.

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          Most cited references43

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          Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes.

          A S Levey, R. Atkins, J Coresh … (2007)
          Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. There is now convincing evidence that CKD can be detected using simple laboratory tests, and that treatment can prevent or delay complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Translating these advances to simple and applicable public health measures must be adopted as a goal worldwide. Understanding the relationship between CKD and other chronic diseases is important to developing a public health policy to improve outcomes. The 2004 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference on 'Definition and Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease' represented an important endorsement of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative definition and classification of CKD by the international community. The 2006 KDIGO Controversies Conference on CKD was convened to consider six major topics: (1) CKD classification, (2) CKD screening and surveillance, (3) public policy for CKD, (4) CVD and CVD risk factors as risk factors for development and progression of CKD, (5) association of CKD with chronic infections, and (6) association of CKD with cancer. This report contains the recommendations from the meeting. It has been reviewed by the conference participants and approved as position statement by the KDIGO Board of Directors. KDIGO will work in collaboration with international and national public health organizations to facilitate implementation of these recommendations.
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            Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis.

            Andrea Galassi, Kristi Reynolds, Jiang Ping He (2006)
            The use of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome has led to inconsistent results on the association between the metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between the metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease. A MEDLINE search (1966-April 2005) was conducted to identify prospective studies that examined the association between the metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease. Information on sample size, participant characteristics, metabolic syndrome definition, follow-up duration, and endpoint assessment was abstracted. Data from 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome, compared to those without, had an increased mortality from all causes (relative risk [RR] 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.56) and cardiovascular disease (RR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.29-2.35); as well as an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (RR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.87), coronary heart disease (RR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.37-1.69) and stroke (RR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.37-2.25). The relative risk of cardiovascular disease associated with the metabolic syndrome was higher in women compared with men and higher in studies that used the World Health Organization definition compared with studies that used the Adult Treatment Panel III definition. This analysis strongly suggests that the metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, as well as all-cause mortality. The detection, prevention, and treatment of the underlying risk factors of the metabolic syndrome should become an important approach for the reduction of the cardiovascular disease burden in the general population.
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              Association between obesity and kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Y Wang, X. Chen, Y. Song … (2008)
              This study aimed to comprehensively assess epidemiologic evidence on the relation between obesity and kidney disease (KD). From 247 retrieved articles via PubMed (1980-2006), 25 cohorts, 3 cross-sectional, and 19 case-control studies met inclusion criteria. Related data were extracted using a standardized protocol. We estimated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of KD for each body mass index (BMI) category compared with normal weight using meta-analysis models. Population attributable risk was also calculated. Compared with normal-weight individuals (18.5
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
                Title: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7007
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 July 2014
                Volume: 7
                Pages: 347-355
                Affiliations
                Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Jocelyn S Garland, Room 2043, Etherington Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada, Tel +1 613 533 3207, Fax +1 613 533 2306, Email garlandj@ 123456queensu.ca
                Article
                Publisher ID: dmso-7-347
                DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S46674
                PMC ID: 4122576
                PubMed ID: 25114577
                SO-VID: 86d07503-9c06-4859-b40a-1bb9490041a7
                Copyright © © 2014 Garland. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: obesity,chronic renal disease,adipokine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: obesity, chronic renal disease, adipokine

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