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      Perfil clínico, epidemiológico y terapéutico del tumor de Wilms pediátrico en Costa Rica Translated title: Clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic profile of pediatric Wilms tumor in Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Resumen Justificación: El tumor de Wilms es el tumor renal maligno más frecuente en pediatría. El manejo terapéutico sigue el principio oncológico de curar la enfermedad mediante cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia. Se busca minimizar la toxicidad de los tratamientos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y terapéuticas, con estimaciones sobre la supervivencia de los pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor de Wilms, atendidos en el Servicio de Oncología del Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, atendidos durante el periodo de enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2016. Métodos: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo, de una serie de casos de pacientes pediátricos con tumor de Wilms atendidos durante un periodo de 8 años. Se revisó el expediente clínico para disponer de forma retrospectiva de los datos de todos los casos, según las variables de interés. Se aplicó análisis descriptivo de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, así como para diseñar las curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier; se complementó con análisis inferencial. Resultados: Durante el periodo se atendió un total de 42 pacientes con este diagnóstico, de los cuales un 59,5 % fueron mujeres. La mayor prevalencia se registró en niños de 2 años o menos (66,7 %). Un 95,2 % de los pacientes presentó resultado de histología favorable; todos los casos con histología desfavorable fueron en mujeres. La intervención quirúrgica más común fue la nefrectomía. Todos los pacientes recibieron quimioterapia y solo el 38,1 % recibió radioterapia. Atribuido a la radioterapia, se reportó vómitos como el principal efecto adverso agudo. La supervivencia global estimada a 3 años fue del 85,6 %, y a 5 años fue del 79,9 %; la supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue del 78,8 % a los 3 y 5 años. Conclusiones: En pacientes pediátricos, el tumor de Wilms es una morbilidad oncológica que alcanza una baja frecuencia; aparece en ambos sexos, aunque con histología más desfavorable en mujeres. Ante este diagnóstico, los pacientes reciben tratamiento con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia; la intervención múltiple ha sido exitosa y la gran mayoría de los pacientes alcanzan una supervivencia prolongada y libre de progresión de enfermedad, a los 5 años, los cuales están más cercanos a lo observado en países de ingresos medios.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Wilms tumor is the most frequent malignant renal tumor in pediatrics. Therapeutic management follows the oncological principle of curing the disease through surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. It seeks to minimize the toxicity of treatments. The objective of the study was todescribe the clinical, epidemiological and, therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor, treated at the Oncology Unit of the National Children’s Hospital “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” CajaCostarricense de Seguro Social, during the period from January 2009 to December 2016. Methods: It is a descriptive, observational, retrospective study of one series of cases. The population analyzed were 42 pediatric patients with Wilms tumor for seven years. Medical records were revised retrospectively to collect data about all cases. The statistical analysis used qualitative variables and quantitative variables to descriptive and inferential techniques, and for survival analysis, Kaplan- Meier survival curves were used. Results: During a study period, a total of 42 patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor were studied. 59.5% were women. The prevalence is higher in children 2 years old or younger (66.7%). 95.2% of the patients presented favorable histology; and when discriminated by sex, 100.0% of unfavorable histology were women. The most common surgery was nephrectomy. All patients received chemotherapy and 38.1% radiotherapy. The main acute side effect of radiotherapy was vomiting. The estimated overall survival was 85.6% at 3 years, and 79.9% at 5 years and the disease-free survival was the same as 78.8% at 3 and 5 years. Conclusions: Wilms tumor exhibited low frequency in pediatric patients, in both sexes however bad histology most affected women. The patient received a combination of therapy with surgery, chemotherapy and, radiotherapy; his interventions have success and pediatric patients have longer overall survival and free disease progression survival at 5 years, like results of other average income countries.

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          Declining childhood and adolescent cancer mortality.

          To evaluate whether progress continues in identifying more effective treatments for children and adolescents with cancer, the authors examined both overall and disease-specific childhood cancer mortality rates for the United States, focusing on data from 2000 to 2010. Age-adjusted US mortality trends from 1975 to 2010 were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses of annual percentage change (APC) were performed on the same diagnostic groupings for the period restricted to 2000 through 2010 for groupings ages 45,000 cancer deaths averted through 2010. Cancer mortality for both children and adolescents declined from 2000 to 2010, with significant declines observed for multiple cancer types. However, greater than 1900 cancer deaths still occur each year among children and adolescents in the United States, and many survivors experience long-term effects that limit their quality of life. Continued research directed toward identifying more effective treatments that produce fewer long-term sequelae is critical to address these remaining challenges. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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            Advances in Wilms Tumor Treatment and Biology: Progress Through International Collaboration.

            Clinical trials in Wilms tumor (WT) have resulted in overall survival rates of greater than 90%. This achievement is especially remarkable because improvements in disease-specific survival have occurred concurrently with a reduction of therapy for large patient subgroups. However, the outcomes for certain patient subgroups, including those with unfavorable histologic and molecular features, bilateral disease, and recurrent disease, remain well below the benchmark survival rate of 90%. Therapy for WT has been advanced in part by an increasingly complex risk-stratification system based on patient age; tumor stage, histology, and volume; response to chemotherapy; and loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 1p and 16q. A consequence of this system has been the apportionment of patients into such small subgroups that only collaboration between large international WT study groups will support clinical trials that are sufficiently powered to answer challenging questions that move the field forward. This article gives an overview of the Children's Oncology Group and International Society of Pediatric Oncology approaches to WT and focuses on four subgroups (stage IV, initially inoperable, bilateral, and relapsed WT) for which international collaboration is pressing. In addition, biologic insights resulting from collaborative laboratory research are discussed. A coordinated expansion of international collaboration in both clinical trials and laboratory science will provide real opportunity to improve the treatment and outcomes for children with renal tumors on a global level.
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              Wilms' tumor: biology, diagnosis and treatment.

              Wilms' tumor is the commonest renal tumor of childhood affecting one in 10,000 children. It is also one of the successes of paediatric oncology with long term survival above 90% for localised disease and 75% for metastatic disease. Successful management of Wilms' tumor necessitates meticulous attention to correct staging of the tumor and a collaborative effort between paediatric oncologists, specialist surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and radiation oncologists. Although current treatment protocols are based on risk assignment to minimise toxicity for low risk patients and improve outcomes for those with high risk disease, challenges remain in identifying novel molecular, histological and clinical risk factors for stratification of treatment intensity. Knowledge about Wilms' tumor biology and treatment is evolving rapidly and remains a paradigm for multimodal malignancy treatment. Future efforts will focus on the use of biomarkers to improve risk stratification and the introduction of newer molecularly targeted therapies that will minimise toxicity and improve the outcomes for patients with unfavourable histology and recurrent disease. The aim of this article is to summarise advances in our understanding of the biology of Wilms' tumor and to describe the current approaches to clinical management of patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amc
                Acta Médica Costarricense
                Acta méd. costarric
                Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0001-6012
                0001-6002
                September 2020
                : 62
                : 3
                : 113-118
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social orgdiv1Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” orgdiv2Servicio de Oncología
                [1] orgnameCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social orgdiv1Hospital México orgdiv2Servicio de Radioterapia
                Article
                S0001-60022020000300113 S0001-6002(20)06200300113
                86d26e10-feac-455b-b468-ec39d328bc4f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 October 2019
                : 11 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Original

                treatment,epidemiología,tratamiento,radioterapia,pediatría,Tumor de Wilms,radiotherapy.,epidemiology,clinical,pediatrics,Wilms tumor,clínica

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