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      Longxuetongluo Capsule Improves Erythrocyte Function against Lipid Peroxidation and Abnormal Hemorheological Parameters in High Fat Diet-Induced ApoE −/− Mice

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          Abstract

          Chinese dragon's blood, the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis, one of the renowned traditional medicines, has been used to facilitate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis for thousands of years. Phenolic compounds are considered to be responsible for its main biological activities. In this study, total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon's blood were made into capsule (Longxuetongluo Capsule, LTC) and their effects on the abnormal hemorheological properties were examined by high fat diet (HFD) induced ApoE−/− mice. Compared to the model group, LTC recovered the abnormal hemorheological parameters in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice by reducing whole blood viscosity (WBV) at high rate and improving erythrocyte function. In conclusion, LTC could ameliorate erythrocyte deformability and osmotic fragility through the reduction of lipid peroxidation on plasma and erythrocyte membranes in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice, which supported the traditional uses of Chinese dragon's blood as an effective agent for improving blood microcirculation in hypercholesterolemia.

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          The molecular basis of hereditary red cell membrane disorders.

          Jean Delaunay (2007)
          The red cell membrane is one of the best known membranes in terms of structure, function and genetic disorders. As any plasma membrane it mediates transport functions. It also provides the erythrocytes with their resilience and deformability. Many of the proteins and the genes performing these functions are known in great detail, although some disease-responsible genes are yet to be elucidated. Basic knowledge has shed light on important groups of genetic disorders. The latter include (i) the disorders of the red cell mechanics: hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis and poikilocytosis, and (ii) the disorders of the passive flux of the monovalent cations across the membrane: the stomacytoses and allied conditions. Reciprocally, many information have come from genetics abnormalities. We will review the mutation-disease relationship. A number of points will be underscored: widespread weak alleles modulate the expression of the SPTA1 gene, encoding the alpha-chain of spectrin; mutations in the anion exchanger can give rise to an array of distinct nosological entities, including a renal condition; splenectomy is banned in the stomatocytoses; a variety of stomatocyosis is part of a pleiotropic syndrome that may includes perinatal fetal liquid effusions. The diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of the involved diseases have gradually improved.
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            Bioprotective properties of Dragon's blood resin: In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity

            Deepika Gupta, Rajinder K. Gupta (2011)
            Background Food preservation is basically done to preserve the natural characteristics and appearance of the food and to increase the shelf life of food. Food preservatives in use are natural, chemical and artificial. Keeping in mind the adverse effects of synthetic food preservatives, there is a need to identify natural food preservatives. The aims of this study were to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dragon's blood resin obtained from Dracaena cinnabari Balf f., with a view to develop safer food preservatives. Methods In this study, three solvents of varying polarity were used to extract and separate the medium and high polarity compounds from the non-polar compounds of the Dragon's blood resin. The extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the food borne pathogens. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, FRAP, metal chelating and reducing power assays. Total phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols of extracts were also estimated using the standard methods. Results Phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed high phenolic content in CH2Cl2 extract of resin. Free radical scavenging of CH2Cl2 extract was found to be highest which is in good correlation with its total phenolic content. All test microorganisms were also inhibited by CH2Cl2 extract. Conclusions Our result provide evidence that CH2Cl2 extract is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and exhibited good inhibitory activity against various food borne pathogens. Thus, CH2Cl2 extract of Dragon's blood resin could be considered as possible source of food preservative.
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              Dragon's Blood extract has antithrombotic properties, affecting platelet aggregation functions and anticoagulation activities.

              Yan Chen, Lin Deng, Wei Meng … (2011)
              Dragon's Blood from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Yunnan, China), as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, was shown to have certain antithrombotic effects. A new preparation process was used to extract effective components from Dragon's Blood. A 95% ethanol extract A (EA) and a precipitate B (PB) fraction were obtained and compared. Reliability of the preparation process was validated by pharmacodynamic experiments. A rat/mouse thrombosis and blood stasis model was developed for this study, and EA and PB effects on thrombosis, platelet functions and blood coagulation activities were analyzed. It was observed that the EA fraction had significantly better inhibitory effects than the PB fraction on thrombosis (p<0.05), platelet aggregation function (p<0.01) and anticoagulation activity (p<0.05-0.01). The results obtained here showed that EA fraction from Dragon's Blood contained pharmacologically effective compounds with antithrombotic effects, partially improving platelet function and anticoagulation activity. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oxid Med Cell Longev
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OMCL
                Title: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1942-0900
                ISSN (Electronic): 1942-0994
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2015
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2603219
                Affiliations
                1Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
                2School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
                3Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
                4National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Cinzia Signorini

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/2603219
                PMC ID: 4663336
                PubMed ID: 26649134
                SO-VID: 86d2d961-56a2-4d8b-8fa9-ae522e3a342f
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Jiao Zheng et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 18 April 2015
                Date revision received : 10 July 2015
                Date accepted : 12 July 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine

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