Helmintos intestinales de Amazona amazonica (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) de vida libre en la región noreste de Brasil

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Abstract

Los helmintos, especialmente los gastrointestinales, son uno de los grupos de parásitos más comunes en las aves silvestres. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los parásitos gastrointestinales de Amazona amazonica (Linnaeus, 1766) del estado de Pernambuco, noreste de Brasil. Once de las 19 aves estaban parasitadas (11/19; 57.9%): el nematodo Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789) fue encontrado en 8 aves (8/11; 72.7%) y el cestodo Raillietina sp. lo fue en 3 aves (3/11; 27.3%), ambos registrados por primera vez en A. amazonica en el estado de Pernambuco.

Translated abstract

Helminths, especially gastrointestinal, are one of the most common parasites in wild birds. The aim of this study was to identify the gastrointestinal parasites of Amazona amazonica (Linnaeus, 1766) in Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil. Eleven of the 19 birds were parasitized (11/19; 57.9%): the nematode Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Froelich, 1789) was found in 8 birds (8/11; 72.7%), and the cestode Raillietina sp. in 3 birds (3/11; 27.3%), both first recorded in A. amazonica from Pernambuco State.

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Density-dependent decline of host abundance resulting from a new infectious disease.

W. M. Hochachka, A A Dhondt (2000)

Although many new diseases have emerged within the past 2 decades [Cohen, M. L. (1998) Brit. Med. Bull. 54, 523-532], attributing low numbers of animal hosts to the existence of even a new pathogen is problematic. This is because very rarely does one have data on host abundance before and after the epizootic as well as detailed descriptions of pathogen prevalence [Dobson, A. P. & Hudson, P. J. (1985) in Ecology of Infectious Diseases in Natural Populations, eds. Grenfell, B. T. & Dobson, A. P. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.), pp. 52-89]. Month by month we tracked the spread of the epizootic of an apparently novel strain of a widespread poultry pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, through a previously unknown host, the house finch, whose abundance has been monitored over past decades. Here we are able to demonstrate a causal relationship between high disease prevalence and declining house finch abundance throughout the eastern half of North America because the epizootic reached different parts of the house finch range at different times. Three years after the epizootic arrived, house finch abundance stabilized at similar levels, although house finch abundance had been high and stable in some areas but low and rapidly increasing in others. This result, not previously documented in wild populations, is as expected from theory if transmission of the disease was density dependent.