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      How to measure monetary losses in gambling disorder? An evidence-based refinement

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          Abstract

          Diverse monetary measures have been utilized across different studies in gambling disorder (GD). However, there are limited evidence-based proposals regarding the best way to assess financial losses. We investigated how different variables of monetary losses correlate with validated assessments of gambling severity and overall functioning in a large sample of subjects with GD (n = 436). We found that relative monetary variables (i.e. when financial losses were evaluated in relation to personal income) showed the most robust correlations with gambling severity and overall psychosocial functioning. Percentage of monthly income lost from gambling was the variable with the best performance.

          Highlights

          • •

            Address an important gap: how to assess financial losses in gambling disorder?

          • •

            Evidence-based proposal using golden standard measures.

          • •

            The best monetary variables assess financial losses in relation to personal income.

          • •

            Percentage of monthly income lost from gambling was the best variable.

          • •

            Our findings have significant impact on clinical practice and research on GD.

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          Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review.

          R Kathryn McHugh, Sarah Whitton, Andrew Peckham … (2013)
          Evidence-based practice involves the consideration of efficacy and effectiveness, clinical expertise, and patient preference in treatment selection. However, patient preference for psychiatric treatment has been understudied. The aim of this meta-analytic review was to provide an estimate of the proportion of patients preferring psychological treatment relative to medication for psychiatric disorders. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Collaboration library through August 2011 for studies written in English that assessed adult patient preferences for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The following search terms and subject headings were used in combination: patient preference, consumer preference, therapeutics, psychotherapy, drug therapy, mental disorders, depression, anxiety, insomnia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance-related disorder, eating disorder, and personality disorder. In addition, the reference sections of identified articles were examined to locate any additional articles not captured by this search. Studies that assessed preferred type of treatment and included at least 1 psychological treatment and 1 pharmacologic treatment were included. Of the 644 articles identified, 34 met criteria for inclusion. Authors extracted relevant data including the proportion of participants reporting preference for psychological or pharmacologic treatment. The proportion of adult patients preferring psychological treatment was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69-0.80), which was significantly higher than equivalent preference (ie, higher than 0.50; P < .001). Sensitivity analyses suggested that younger patients (P = .05) and women (P < .01) were significantly more likely to choose psychological treatment. A preference for psychological treatment was consistently evident in both treatment-seeking and unselected (ie, non-treatment-seeking) samples (P < .001 for both) but was somewhat stronger for unselected samples. Aggregation of patient preferences across diverse settings yielded a significant 3-fold preference for psychological treatment. Given evidence for enhanced outcomes among those receiving their preferred psychiatric treatment and the trends for decreasing utilization of psychotherapy, strategies to maximize the linkage of patients to preferred care are needed. © Copyright 2013 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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            Set Correlation and Contingency Tables

            J J Cohen (1988)
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              Quality of life in individuals with anxiety disorders.

              Adam B. Stein, M Mendlowicz (2000)
              Quality-of-life indices have been used in medical practice to estimate the impact of different diseases on functioning and well-being and to compare outcomes between different treatment modalities. An integrated view of the issue of quality of life in patients with anxiety disorders can provide important information regarding the nature and extent of the burden associated with these disorders and may be useful in the development of strategies to deal with it. A review of epidemiological and clinical studies that have investigated quality of life (broadly conceptualized) in patients with panic disorder, social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder was conducted by searching MEDLINE and PsycLIT citations from 1984 to 1999. A summary of the key articles published in this area is presented. The studies reviewed portray an almost uniform picture of anxiety disorders as illnesses that markedly compromise quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Significant impairment can also be found in individuals with subthreshold forms of anxiety disorders. Effective pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment has been shown to improve the quality of life for patients with panic disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Limitations in current knowledge in this area are identified, and suggestions for needed future research are provided. It is expected that a more thorough understanding of the impact on quality of life will lead to increased public awareness of anxiety disorders as serious mental disorders worthy of further investment in research, prevention, and treatment.
              Article 0 comments Cited 106 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Gustavo C. Medeiros
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychiatry Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Psychiatry Res
                Title: Psychiatry Research
                Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press
                ISSN (Print): 0165-1781
                ISSN (Electronic): 1872-7123
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 May 2018
                Publication date (Print): May 2018
                Volume: 263
                Pages: 220-224
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas 75390-9070, TX, USA
                [b ]Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
                [c ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. gcmedeiros@ 123456live.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0165-1781(16)31822-4
                DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.004
                PMC ID: 5889097
                PubMed ID: 29275996
                SO-VID: 86f0ae67-5d8f-4428-8a98-5cb1146fc6a9
                Copyright © © 2018 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 3 November 2016
                Date revision received : 6 November 2017
                Date accepted : 2 December 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: addictions,clinical measures,outcome assessment
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: addictions, clinical measures, outcome assessment

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