13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Aspergilosis pulmonar invasora en pacientes reumatológicos. Presentación de dos casos Translated title: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rheumatological patients. Presentation of two cases

      case-report

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen La aspergilosis pulmonar invasora (API) es una infección causada por hongos del género Aspergillus que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos y corresponde a la forma más grave de aspergilosis. Se asocia a una alta morbi-mortalidad, siendo fundamental un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas, por lo que un estudio adecuado es importante para el diagnóstico, principalmente en pacientes con factores de riesgo poco habituales. En la actualidad se han establecido categorías diagnósticas que consideran factores del hospedero, laboratorio micológico tradicional y biomarcadores como galactomanano. Éstos, junto a la mejor comprensión e interpretación de las imágenes tomográficas permiten ofrecer un manejo adecuado. En este artículo, se presentan dos casos clínicos de API en pacientes reumatológicos, y se discute la utilidad de los métodos diagnósticos.

          Translated abstract

          Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that mainly affects immunocompromised patients and corresponds to the most severe form of aspergillosis. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and diagnosis and timely treatment are essential. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific, so an adequate study is important for diagnosis, mainly in patients with unusual risk factors. At present, diagnostic categories have been established that consider factors of the host, traditional mycological laboratory and biomarkers such as galactomannan. These, together with the better understanding and interpretation of the tomographic images, allow us to offer an adequate management. In this article, two clinical cases of API in rheumatological patients are presented, and the usefulness of the diagnostic methods is discussed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in Invasive Aspergillosis.

          Aspergillus species are globally ubiquitous saprophytes found in a variety of ecological niches. Almost 200 species of aspergilli have been identified, less than 20 of which are known to cause human disease. Among them, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent and is largely responsible for the increased incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in the immunocompromised patient population. IA is a devastating illness, with mortality rates in some patient groups reaching as high as 90%. Studies identifying and assessing the roles of specific factors of A. fumigatus that contribute to the pathogenesis of IA have traditionally focused on single-gene deletion and mutant characterization. In combination with recent large-scale approaches analyzing global fungal responses to distinct environmental or host conditions, these studies have identified many factors that contribute to the overall pathogenic potential of A. fumigatus. Here, we provide an overview of the significant findings regarding A. fumigatus pathogenesis as it pertains to invasive disease.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections.

            Since the 1990s, opportunistic fungal infections have emerged as a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in profoundly immunocompromised patients. Hypercortisolaemic patients, both those with endogenous Cushing's syndrome and, much more frequently, those receiving exogenous glucocorticoid therapy, are especially at risk of such infections. This vulnerability is attributed to the complex dysregulation of immunity caused by glucocorticoids. We critically review the spectrum and presentation of invasive fungal infections that arise in the setting of hypercortisolism, and the ways in which glucocorticoids contribute to their pathogenesis. A better knowledge of the interplay between glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression and invasive fungal infections should assist in earlier recognition and treatment of such infections. Efforts to decrease the intensity of glucocorticoid therapy should help to improve outcomes of opportunistic fungal infections.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients.

              Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, IA appears to be gaining a foothold in the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients without classical risk factors. A recent study described 89 cases of IA in patients in a medical ICU without leukemia or cancer. The diagnosis of IA remains difficult and is often established too late. Galactomannan (GM) is an exo-antigen released from Aspergillus hyphae while they invade host tissue. This prospective single-center study was conducted to investigate the role of GM in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as a tool for early diagnosis of IA in the ICU. All patients with risk factors identified in our earlier study were evaluated. BAL for culture and GM detection, serum GM levels, and computed tomography scan were obtained for all included patients with signs of pneumonia. Patients were classified as having proven, probable, or possible IA. A total of 110 patients out of 1,109 admissions were eligible. There were 26 proven IA cases. Using a cutoff index of 0.5, the sensitivity and specificity of GM detection in BAL fluid was 88 and 87%, respectively. The sensitivity of serum GM was only 42%. In 11 of 26 proven cases, BAL culture and serum GM remained negative, whereas GM in BAL was positive. IA is common in immunocompromised, critically ill patients. GM detection in BAL fluid seems to be useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of IA in the ICU.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcher
                Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias
                Rev. chil. enferm. respir.
                Sociedad Chilena de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Santiago, , Chile )
                0717-7348
                2019
                : 35
                : 3
                : 191-198
                Affiliations
                [2] Valparaíso orgnameHospital Carlos Van Buren orgdiv1Unidad de Enfermedades Respiratorias Chile
                [4] Valparaíso Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Laboratorio de Micología Médica y Ambiental Chile
                [1] Valparaíso orgnameHospital Carlos Van Buren orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Interna Chile
                [3] Valparaíso Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Interna Chile
                Article
                S0717-73482019000300191
                86f5412e-00d5-42fc-a35d-98e8e840a6b7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                galactomanano,Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,Aspergillus,immunocompromised host,galactomannan,Rheumatic Diseases,Aspergilosis pulmonar invasora,pacientes inmunocomprometidos,enfermedades reumatológicas

                Comments

                Comment on this article