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      Forest Fruit Production Is Higher on Sumatra Than on Borneo

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          Abstract

          Background

          Various studies have shown that the population densities of a number of forest vertebrates, such as orangutans, are higher on Sumatra than Borneo, and that several species exhibit smaller body sizes on Borneo than Sumatra and mainland Southeast Asia. It has been suggested that differences in forest fruit productivity between the islands can explain these patterns. Here we present a large-scale comparison of forest fruit production between the islands to test this hypothesis.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          Data on fruit production were collated from Sumatran and Bornean sites. At six sites we assessed fruit production in three forest types: riverine, peat swamp and dryland forests. We compared fruit production using time-series models during different periods of overall fruit production and in different tree size classes. We examined overall island differences and differences specifically for fruiting period and tree size class. The results of these analyses indicate that overall the Sumatran forests are more productive than those on Borneo. This difference remains when each of the three forest types (dryland, riverine, and peat) are examined separately. The difference also holds over most tree sizes and fruiting periods.

          Conclusions/Significance

          Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that forest fruit productivity is higher on Sumatra than Borneo. This difference is most likely the result of the overall younger and more volcanic soils on Sumatra than Borneo. These results contribute to our understanding of the determinants of faunal density and the evolution of body size on both islands.

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          Most cited references71

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          Nutrient Cycling in Moist Tropical Forest

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            Litterfall, Nutrient Cycling, and Nutrient Limitation in Tropical Forests

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              The generalisation of student's problems when several different population variances are involved.

              B L WELCH (1947)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1932-6203
                2011
                28 June 2011
                : 6
                : 6
                : e21278
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Anthropological Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
                [2 ]Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia
                [3 ]The Center for the Advances Study of Hominid Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington D. C. United States of America
                [4 ]Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, United States of America
                [5 ]Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics/Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [6 ]Great Ape World Heritage Species Project, Babson Park, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [7 ]Zoology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
                [8 ]School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
                [9 ]Graduate Group in Ecology, and Animal Behaviour Graduate Group, Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
                Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: SAW CPvS AJM. Performed the experiments: SAW GF ML CPY FQB CPvS AJM. Analyzed the data: SAW AJM EV MDL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SAW AJM EV MDL. Wrote the paper: SAW EV MDL AJM.

                Article
                PONE-D-11-05035
                10.1371/journal.pone.0021278
                3125178
                21738627
                86fa35e8-ae9c-44b6-ba82-85eb0eb70441
                Wich et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                : 21 March 2011
                : 23 May 2011
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology
                Ecology
                Biodiversity
                Biogeography
                Conservation Science
                Evolutionary Biology
                Animal Behavior
                Zoology
                Mammalogy
                Earth Sciences
                Geography
                Biogeography
                Social and Behavioral Sciences
                Geography
                Biogeography

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                Uncategorized

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