Imaging Markers of Progression in Parkinson's Disease

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Abstract

<div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="mdc312673-sec-0001">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d939767e578">Background</h5> <p id="d939767e580">Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second‐most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease; however, to date, there is no approved treatment that stops or slows down disease progression. Over the past decades, neuroimaging studies, including molecular imaging and MRI are trying to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PD. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="mdc312673-sec-0002">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d939767e583">Methods</h5> <p id="d939767e585">This work utilized a literature review.</p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="mdc312673-sec-0003">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d939767e588">Results</h5> <p id="d939767e590">It is now becoming clear that these imaging modalities can provide biomarkers that can objectively detect brain changes related to PD and monitor these changes as the disease progresses, and these biomarkers are required to establish a breakthrough in neuroprotective or disease‐modifying therapeutics. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="mdc312673-sec-0004">  </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d939767e593">Conclusions</h5> <p id="d939767e595">Here, we provide a review of recent observations deriving from PET, single‐positron emission tomography, and MRI studies exploring PD and other parkinsonian disorders. </p> </div>

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Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Angie Kehagia, Roger A. Barker, Trevor W. Robbins (2010)

Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is gaining increased clinical significance owing to the relative success of therapeutic approaches to the motor symptoms of this disorder. Early investigations contributed to the concept of subcortical dementia associated with bradyphrenia and cognitive rigidity. For cognition in parkinsonian disorders, this notion developed into the concept of mild cognitive impairment and fronto-executive dysfunction in particular, driven mainly by dopaminergic dysmodulation and manifesting as deficits in flexibility, planning, working memory, and reinforcement learning. However, patients with Parkinson's disease could also develop a syndrome of dementia that might depend on non-dopaminergic, cholinergic cortical dysfunction. Recent findings, supplemented by advances in neuroimaging and genetic research, reveal substantial heterogeneity in the range of cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease. Remediation and management prospects for these cognitive deficits are based on neuropharmacological and cognitive rehabilitation approaches. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Dual tasking, gait rhythmicity, and Parkinson's disease: which aspects of gait are attention demanding?

Galit Yogev, Nir Giladi, Chava Peretz … (2005)

Cognitive function and the performance of a secondary, dual task may affect certain aspects of gait, but the relationships between cognitive function and gait are not well understood. To better understand the motor control of gait and the relationship between cognitive function and gait, we studied cognitive function and the effects of different types of dual tasking on the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls, contrasting measures of gait automaticity and rhythmicity with other features. Patients with idiopathic PD (n=30; mean age 71.8 year) with moderate disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr Stage 2--3) were compared to age and gender-matched healthy controls (n=28). Memory and executive function were also assessed. In both groups, gait speed decreased in response to dual tasking, in a parallel fashion. For the PD group only, gait variability increased compared to usual walking. Executive function was significantly worse in the PD group, while memory was not different in the two groups. Executive function measures were significantly correlated with gait variability during dual tasking, but not during usual walking. These findings demonstrate that regulation of gait variability and rhythmicity is apparently an automatic process that does not demand attention in healthy adults. In patients with PD, however, this ability becomes attention-demanding and worsens when subjects perform secondary tasks. Moreover, the associations between executive function and gait variability suggest that a decline in executive function in PD may exacerbate the effects of dual tasking on gait, potentially increasing fall risk.

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Abnormal intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in Parkinson's disease.

Jinhee Kim, Marion Criaud, Sang Cho … (2017)

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice

Abbreviated Title: Mov Disord Clin Pract

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Print): 2330-1619

ISSN (Electronic): 2330-1619

Publication date Created: October 04 2018

Publication date Created: November 2018

Publication date (Electronic): October 09 2018

Publication date (Print): November 2018

Volume: 5

Issue: 6

Pages: 586-596

Affiliations

[1 ]Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHNUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

[2 ]Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, UHNUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

[3 ]Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

[4 ]Department of Radiology & NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

[5 ]Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor Michigan USA

[6 ]Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease ResearchUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

[7 ]Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre & Positron Emission Tomography CentreNewcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

[8 ]Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering, and NeurologyUniversity of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

[9 ]Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of NeurologyUniversity of Cologne Cologne Germany

[10 ]Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre Jülich Germany

[11 ]German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn‐Cologne Bonn Germany

[12 ]Neurodegeneration Imaging Group (NIG), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London London United Kingdom

[13 ]Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences–MRI Research Center SUN‐FISMUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples Italy

[14 ]Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia