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      Factors affecting urinary incontinence-related quality of life in geriatric patients: an observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital urology clinic in Turkey Translated title: Factores que afectan la calidad de vida relacionada con la incontinencia urinaria en pacientes geriátricos: un estudio transversal observacional en una clínica de urología de un hospital terciario en Turquía

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Geriatric syndromes are associated with morbidity and poor quality of life (QOL). Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most prevalent geriatric syndromes. However, there is little research on the association of UI and UI-related QOL with other geriatric syndromes. The aim of this exploratory study were to examine the effect and coexistence of geriatric syndromes, admission type and surgical severity on UI-related QoL in patients hospitalized in the urology clinic. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among 250 older inpatients (aged 65 years and older between October 2019 and March 2020) at Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University department of Urology, Zonguldak, Turkey. After ethical approval and patient consent, we examined geriatric syndromes and related factors including cognitive impairment, delirium, depression, decreased mobility, multiple drug use, malnutrition, pain and fecal incontinence as well as hospitalization patterns and surgical severity of the patients. UI-related QOL was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate these associations. Results: Geriatric syndromes and related factors were associated with UI. Moderate cognitive decline (odds ratio [OR], 3.764; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.621- 8.742), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–5.05) and the number of medication used (odds ratio [OR], 1,33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.58) were associated with increased probability of having UI. Cognitive impairment, length of hospital stay had an inverse and age of patients had a direct effect on patients UI-related QoL. Conclusions: UI-related quality of life was associated with some factors. Especially in the urology clinic, evaluating the cognitive functions of elderly patients, reviewing the drugs they use and minimizing the length of stay in this patient group will contribute significantly to their quality of life.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Los síndromes geriátricos se asocian con morbilidad y mala calidad de vida (CV). La incontinencia urinaria (IU) es uno de los síndromes geriátricos más prevalentes. Sin embargo, hay poca investigación sobre la asociación de la IU y la CdV relacionada con la IU con otros síndromes geriátricos. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio fue examinar el efecto y la coexistencia de los síndromes geriátricos, el tipo de ingreso y la gravedad quirúrgica en la calidad de vida relacionada con la IU en pacientes hospitalizados en la consulta de urología. Materiales y métodos: este estudio se realizó entre 250 pacientes hospitalizados mayores (de 65 años o más entre octubre de 2019 y marzo de 2020) en el departamento de Urología de la Universidad Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit, Zonguldak, Turquía. Después de la aprobación ética y el consentimiento del paciente, examinamos los síndromes geriátricos y los factores relacionados, incluidos el deterioro cognitivo, el delirio, la depresión, la disminución de la movilidad, el uso de múltiples drogas, la desnutrición, el dolor y la incontinencia fecal, así como los patrones de hospitalización y la gravedad quirúrgica de los pacientes. La calidad de vida relacionada con la IU se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de consulta internacional sobre incontinencia: formato corto. Se utilizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple para evaluar estas asociaciones. Resultados: Los síndromes geriátricos y factores relacionados se asociaron con la IU. Deterioro cognitivo moderado (odds ratio [OR], 3,764; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %, 1,621-8,742), índice de comorbilidad de Charlson (ICC) (odds ratio [OR], 1,56; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %, 1,24– 5,05) y el número de medicamentos utilizados (odds ratio [OR], 1,33; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %, 1,11–1,58) se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de tener IU. El deterioro cognitivo, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria tuvieron un efecto inverso y la edad de los pacientes tuvo un efecto directo sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la IU de los pacientes. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida relacionada con la IU se asoció con algunos factores. Especialmente en la consulta de urología, evaluar las funciones cognitivas de los pacientes mayores, revisar los fármacos que utilizan y minimizar el tiempo de estancia en este grupo de pacientes contribuirá significativamente a su calidad de vida.

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          What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions

          Background Multimorbidity and the associated use of multiple medicines (polypharmacy), is common in the older population. Despite this, there is no consensus definition for polypharmacy. A systematic review was conducted to identify and summarise polypharmacy definitions in existing literature. Methods The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE and Cochrane were systematically searched, as well as grey literature, to identify articles which defined the term polypharmacy (without any limits on the types of definitions) and were in English, published between 1st January 2000 and 30th May 2016. Definitions were categorised as i. numerical only (using the number of medications to define polypharmacy), ii. numerical with an associated duration of therapy or healthcare setting (such as during hospital stay) or iii. Descriptive (using a brief description to define polypharmacy). Results A total of 1156 articles were identified and 110 articles met the inclusion criteria. Articles not only defined polypharmacy but associated terms such as minor and major polypharmacy. As a result, a total of 138 definitions of polypharmacy and associated terms were obtained. There were 111 numerical only definitions (80.4% of all definitions), 15 numerical definitions which incorporated a duration of therapy or healthcare setting (10.9%) and 12 descriptive definitions (8.7%). The most commonly reported definition of polypharmacy was the numerical definition of five or more medications daily (n = 51, 46.4% of articles), with definitions ranging from two or more to 11 or more medicines. Only 6.4% of articles classified the distinction between appropriate and inappropriate polypharmacy, using descriptive definitions to make this distinction. Conclusions Polypharmacy definitions were variable. Numerical definitions of polypharmacy did not account for specific comorbidities present and make it difficult to assess safety and appropriateness of therapy in the clinical setting.
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            Measuring health-related quality of life.

            Clinicians and policymakers are recognizing the importance of measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) to inform patient management and policy decisions. Self- or interviewer-administered questionnaires can be used to measure cross-sectional differences in quality of life between patients at a point in time (discriminative instruments) or longitudinal changes in HRQL within patients during a period of time (evaluative instruments). Both discriminative and evaluative instruments must be valid (really measuring what they are supposed to measure) and have a high ratio of signal to noise (reliability and responsiveness, respectively). Reliable discriminative instruments are able to reproducibly differentiate between persons. Responsive evaluative measures are able to detect important changes in HRQL during a period of time, even if those changes are small. Health-related quality of life measures should also be interpretable--that is, clinicians and policymakers must be able to identify differences in scores that correspond to trivial, small, moderate, and large differences. Two basic approaches to quality-of-life measurement are available: generic instruments that provide a summary of HRQL; and specific instruments that focus on problems associated with single disease states, patient groups, or areas of function. Generic instruments include health profiles and instruments that generate health utilities. The approaches are not mutually exclusive. Each approach has its strengths and weaknesses and may be suitable for different circumstances. Investigations in HRQL have led to instruments suitable for detecting minimally important effects in clinical trials, for measuring the health of populations, and for providing information for policy decisions.
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              Frailty in Older Persons

              Frailty is a clinical state characterized by a decrease of an individual's homeostatic reserves and is responsible for enhanced vulnerability to endogenous and/or exogenous stressors. Such a condition of extreme vulnerability exposes individuals to an increased risk of negative health-related outcomes. Multiple operational definitions of frailty are available in the literature, but none can be indicated as a gold standard. Frailty should be considered a condition of major interest for public health and become the lever for reshaping the obsolete health care systems currently unable to adequately address the clinical needs of aging populations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijm
                Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
                Iberoam J Med
                Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, La Rioja, Spain )
                2695-5075
                2695-5075
                2022
                : 4
                : 4
                : 177-184
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Urology Turquía
                [2] orgnameZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Urology Turquía
                Article
                S2695-50752022000400002 S2695-5075(22)00400400002
                10.53986/ibjm.2022.0030
                872845dd-40e8-4ed1-b824-f93fe0e29321

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 May 2022
                : 03 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Article

                Incontinencia urinaria,Urology,Quality of life,Geriatric syndrome,Urinary incontinence,Urología,Calidad de vida,Síndrome geriátrico

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