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      Alkaloids in Marine Algae

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          Abstract

          This paper presents the alkaloids found in green, brown and red marine algae. Algal chemistry has interested many researchers in order to develop new drugs, as algae include compounds with functional groups which are characteristic from this particular source. Among these compounds, alkaloids present special interest because of their pharmacological activities. Alkaloid chemistry has been widely studied in terrestrial plants, but the number of studies in algae is insignificant. In this review, a detailed account of macro algae alkaloids with their structure and pharmacological activities is presented. The alkaloids found in marine algae may be divided into three groups: 1. Phenylethylamine alkaloids, 2. Indole and halogenated indole alkaloids, 3. Other alkaloids.

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          Marine natural products as novel antioxidant prototypes.

          Mark T. Hamann, S. Takamatsu, Dale Nagle … (2003)
          Pure natural products isolated from marine sponges, algae, and cyanobacteria were examined for antioxidant activity using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) solution-based chemical assay and a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) cellular-based assay. The DCFH system detects only antioxidants that penetrate cellular membranes. Potent antioxidants were identified and the results from each system compared. The algal metabolites cymopol (1), avrainvilleol (3), and fragilamide (4), and the invertebrate constituent puupehenone (5) showed strong antioxidant activity in both systems. Several compounds were active in the DPPH assay but significantly less active in the DCFH system. The green algal metabolite 7-hydroxycymopol (2) was isolated from Cymopolia barbataand its structure determined. Compound 2 was significantly less active in the DCFH system than cymopol (1). The sponge metabolites (1S)-(+)-curcuphenol (6), aaptamine (7), isoaaptamine (8), and curcudiol (9) and the cyanobacterial pigment scytonemin (10) showed strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, but were relatively inactive in the DCFH system. Thus, cellular uptake dramatically affects the potential significance of antioxidants discovered using only the DPPH assay. The apparent "proantioxidants" hormothamnione A diacetate (11) and Laurencia monomer diacetate (12) require metabolic activation for antioxidant activity. Significant advantages are achieved using both a solution- and cellular-based assay to discover new antioxidants.
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            Potential cytotoxic activity of some Brazilian seaweeds on human melanoma cells.

            Maria Kaplan, Nuno Rocha, Renato Pereira … (2007)
            In vitro screening of the crude extracts of some Brazilian coastal seaweeds for cytotoxic activity against a cultured human melanoma cancer cell line using the sulphorhodamine B assay was performed. The crude dichloromethane:chloroform extract of Stypopodium zonale showed good cytotoxic activity against the C32 cell line. The crude acetone extract and aqueous phase of Lobophora variegata did not show any activity, but semi-purified fractions XAD LOB I and II could inhibit the growth of melanoma cells. The crude acetone extract of Caulerpa racemosa showed some cytotoxicity, but caulerpin isolated from this extract did not show any such activity. The crude acetone extract of Spatoglossum schroederi was not able to inhibit the growth of C32 melanoma cells. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Effects of secondary metabolites from marine algae on feeding by the sea urchin,Lytechinus variegatus

              Oliver McConnell, Patricia A. Hughes, Nancy M. Targett … (1982)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MD
                Title: Marine Drugs
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 February 2010
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 269-284
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Istanbul Aydın University, Inönü Cad., 40, Sefaköy, Istanbul, Turkey
                [2 ] Laboratoire de Dynamique, Interactions et Réactivité (LADIR), UMR 7075 CNRS–UPMC Univ Paris 06, 2 rue Henry Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France; E-Mail: aline.percot@ 123456gmail.com
                [3 ] Department of Pharmacognosy, Hipodrom Ankara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Turkey; E-Mail: ekrmsezik@ 123456gmail.com
                Author notes
                *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kcguven@ 123456yahoo.com.tr ; Tel.: +90 212 573 03 88; Fax: +90 212 573 31 89.
                Article
                Publisher ID: marinedrugs-08-00269
                DOI: 10.3390/md8020269
                PMC ID: 2852838
                PubMed ID: 20390105
                SO-VID: 872b918f-ee0d-4fd0-a5e2-844c5f35fcac
                Copyright © © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 December 2009
                Date revision received : 20 January 2010
                Date accepted : 25 January 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: alkaloids,halogenated indole alkaloids,other alkaloids,indole alkaloids,phenylethylamine alkaloids
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: alkaloids, halogenated indole alkaloids, other alkaloids, indole alkaloids, phenylethylamine alkaloids

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