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      Non-overlap of hosts used by three congeneric and sympatric loranthaceous mistletoe species in an Amazonian savanna: host generalization to extreme specialization Translated title: Não-sobreposição de hospedeiros utilizados por três espécies de ervas-de-passarinho lorantáceas congêneres e simpátricas em uma savana Amazônica: generalização pelo hospedeiroà extrema especialização

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          Abstract

          Two main hypotheses predominate in the literature on mistletoe-host specificity: (1) mistletoes are only likely to specialize on plant species on which they are frequently deposited; and (2) compatibility between mistletoes and plant species is a prerequisite for mistletoe-host parasitism. I explored these hypotheses by studying the seed deposition patterns and mistletoe-host compatibility in populations of three congeneric and sympatric mistletoe species of the genus Psittacanthus (P. biternatus, P. eucalyptifolius and P. plagiophyllus - Loranthaceae). I recorded the presence or absence of these mistletoe species in 15 tree species in a savanna patch in Amazonia. Among the five tree species that I found to be potential hosts (at least one tree individual infected), I also recorded if they had at least one mistletoe seed of any species attached to their branches. Finally, I planted seeds of all mistletoe species on the same individual trees in various hosts and non-host species and recorded seed survivorship and seedling establishment within 7 (P. plagiophyllus) to 12 months (P. biternatus and P. eucalyptifolius) after planting. There was no overlap among trees used as hosts by the three Psittacanthus species. Th e most specialized mistletoe species occurred in different host tree species with low relative abundance at the study site (Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius on Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke, and P. plagiophyllus on Anacardium occidentale L.). Mistletoe-host compatibility, and not seed deposition patterns, was the factor most likely to explain patterns of host use by Psittacanthus species at this study site.

          Translated abstract

          Duas hipóteses principais predominam na literatura sobre a especificidade entre ervas-de-passarinho e hospedeiros: (1) ervas-de-passarinho só poderão se especializar em espécies de plantas em que elas são frequentemente depositadas; e (2) compatibilidade entre as ervas-depassarinho e as espécies de plantas é um prerequisito para o parasitismo. Explorei estas hipóteses com o estudo dos padrões de deposição de sementes e a compatibilidade entre ervas-de-passarinho e hospedeiros em populações de três espécies de ervas-de-passarinho congenéricas e simpátricas do gênero Psittacanthus (P. biternatus, P. eucalyptifolius and P. plagiophyllus - Loranthaceae) e registrei a presença ou ausência destas três espécies em 15 espécies de árvores em uma mancha de savana na Amazônia. Entre as cinco espécies de árvores que eu encontrei infectadas, também registrei se elas possuíam pelo menos uma semente de erva-de-passarinho de qualquer das espécies aderida aos seus galhos. Finalmente, plantei sementes de todas as espécies de ervas-de-passarinho nas mesmas árvores em várias espécies de hospedeiros e não-hospedeiros e registrei a sobrevivência das sementes e o estabelecimento ao final de 7 (P. plagiophyllus) e 12 meses (P. biternatus e P. eucalyptifolius). Não houve sobreposição entre as árvores utilizadas como hospedeiros pelas três espécies de Psittacanthus. As espécies de ervas-de-passarinho mais especializadas ocorreram em diferentes espécies de hospedeiros com baixa abundância relativa na área de estudo (Psittacanthus eucalyptifolius em Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke, e P. plagiophyllus em Anacardium occidentale L.). A compatibilidade entre a erva-de-passarinho e o hospedeiro, e não o padrão de deposição de sementes, foi o fator mais propício a explicar os padrões de uso de hospedeiros por Psittacanthus neste local.

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          Most cited references24

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          Zero tolerance ecology: improving ecological inference by modelling the source of zero observations.

          A common feature of ecological data sets is their tendency to contain many zero values. Statistical inference based on such data are likely to be inefficient or wrong unless careful thought is given to how these zeros arose and how best to model them. In this paper, we propose a framework for understanding how zero-inflated data sets originate and deciding how best to model them. We define and classify the different kinds of zeros that occur in ecological data and describe how they arise: either from 'true zero' or 'false zero' observations. After reviewing recent developments in modelling zero-inflated data sets, we use practical examples to demonstrate how failing to account for the source of zero inflation can reduce our ability to detect relationships in ecological data and at worst lead to incorrect inference. The adoption of methods that explicitly model the sources of zero observations will sharpen insights and improve the robustness of ecological analyses.
            • Record: found
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            Mistletoes as parasites: Host specificity and speciation.

            Recent research on parasite evolution has highlighted the importance of host specialization in speciation, either through host-switching or cospeciation. Many parasites show common patterns of host specificity, with higher host specificity where host abundance is high and reliable, phylogenetically conservative host specificity, and formation of races on or in different host species. Recent advances in our understanding of host specificity and speciation patterns in a variety of animal parasites provides valuable insights into the evolutionary biology of mistletoes.
              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Dispersal and Infection in Mistletoe Metapopulations

                Author and article information

                Journal
                abb
                Acta Botanica Brasilica
                Acta Bot. Bras.
                Sociedade Botânica do Brasil (Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil )
                0102-3306
                1677-941X
                June 2011
                : 25
                : 2
                : 337-345
                Affiliations
                [01] Santarém PA orgnameUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Brazil
                Article
                S0102-33062011000200010 S0102-3306(11)02500200010
                10.1590/S0102-33062011000200010
                87353b09-ea97-4370-9b38-d240406189cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 October 2010
                : 27 March 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                Loranthaceae,Psittacanthus,hipótese da fragmentação de recurso,germinação de sementes,estabelecimento de plântula,host specifi city,resource-fragmentation hypothesis,seed germination,seedling establishment,especificidade por hospedeiro

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