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      The Braincase of the Theropod Dinosaur Murusraptor: Osteology, Neuroanatomy and Comments on the Paleobiological Implications of Certain Endocranial Features

      1 , 2
      Ameghiniana
      Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina

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          A new carnosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China

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            The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)

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              Neuroanatomy of flying reptiles and implications for flight, posture and behaviour.

              Comparison of birds and pterosaurs, the two archosaurian flyers, sheds light on adaptation to an aerial lifestyle. The neurological basis of control holds particular interest in that flight demands on sensory integration, equilibrium, and muscular coordination are acute. Here we compare the brain and vestibular apparatus in two pterosaurs based on high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scans from which we constructed digital endocasts. Although general neural organization resembles birds, pterosaurs had smaller brains relative to body mass than do birds. This difference probably has more to do with phylogeny than flight, in that birds evolved from nonavian theropods that had already established trends for greater encephalization. Orientation of the osseous labyrinth relative to the long axis of the skull was different in these two pterosaur species, suggesting very different head postures and reflecting differing behaviours. Their enlarged semicircular canals reflect a highly refined organ of equilibrium, which is concordant with pterosaurs being visually based, aerial predators. Their enormous cerebellar floccular lobes may suggest neural integration of extensive sensory information from the wing, further enhancing eye- and neck-based reflex mechanisms for stabilizing gaze.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ameghiniana
                Ameghiniana
                Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina
                0002-7014
                November 1 2017
                March 28 2017
                : 54
                : 5
                : 617
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, R8400FRF San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
                [2 ]University of Alberta, CW405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
                Article
                10.5710/AMGH.25.03.2017.3062
                8735bfe3-d2fe-4b69-9cfd-8888a0516a89
                © 2017

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