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      Effects of the weaning age of calves on somatic development and on reproductive performance of beef cows Translated title: Efeitos da idade ao desmame no desenvolvimento somático e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas de corte

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          Abstract

          This study evaluated body development and reproductive performance of beef cows whose calves were submitted to early weaning (76 days of age), or conventional weaning (148 days of age). It was used 141 Braford cows that calved in 2004, 2005, and 2006 to evaluate weight at calving at 76 days, weight at calving at 148 days, weight at the beginning and end of the breeding season, variation of the average daily weight, body condition, pregnancy rate, and calving interval. Dams of calves weaned at 148 days of age showed daily weight gain higher body weight and better body condition at 148 days of age. The weights at the end of breeding season and average weight gain during the breeding season were higher in early weaning cows than in conventional cows. Pregnancy rate of early weaning cows (86.34%) was higher than those submitted to weaning at conventional age (55.45%). Pasture interval was similar among early weaning cows and conventional weaning cows. The best benefit on reducing weaning age in pregnancy rate was in primiparous cows. There was significant interaction between weaning age and the year for calving interval and milk production. The early weaning of calves carried out at 76 days of age allows cows to better weight recovery in the post-weaning and breeding periods, improving their body condition and consequently increasing pregnancy rate regarding to cows whose calves suckled until 148 days of age.

          Translated abstract

          Avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento somático e o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas de corte cujos bezerros foram submetidos ao desmame precoce (76 dias de idade) ou à idade convencional (aos 148 dias de idade). Foram utilizadas 141 vacas Braford paridas nos anos de 2004, 2005 e 2006 para avaliação dos pesos ao parto, aos 76 dias, aos 148 dias, ao início e fim do período reprodutivo, da variação de peso médio diário, da condição corporal, da taxa de prenhez e do intervalo de partos. As vacas mães dos bezerros desmamados aos 148 dias tiveram maior ganho médio diário, maior peso e melhor condição corporal aos 148 dias. O peso ao fim do período reprodutivo e o ganho médio diário durante o período reprodutivo foram maiores nas vacas do desmame precoce. A taxa de prenhez das vacas do desmame precoce (86,34%) também foi superior à das vacas submetidas ao desmame em idade convencional (55,45%). O intervalo de parto foi semelhante entre vacas do desmame precoce e aquelas do desmame em idade convencional. O maior benefício da redução da idade de desmame na taxa de prenhez observado foi nas vacas primíparas. Houve interação significativa entre a idade de desmame e o ano para intervalo de partos e produção de leite. O desmame precoce dos bezerros realizado aos 76 dias de idade permite às vacas maior recuperação do peso nos períodos pós-desmame e reprodutivo, melhorando sua condição corporal e aumentando a taxa de prenhez em relação às vacas mantidas em amamentação até os 148 dias de idade.

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          Physiological mechanisms controlling anestrus and infertility in postpartum beef cattle.

          Postpartum infertility is caused by four factors: general infertility, lack of uterine involution, short estrous cycles and anestrus. The general infertility component is common to any estrous cycle and reduces potential fertility by 20 to 30%. Incomplete uterine involution prevents fertilization during the first 20 d after calving but is not related to anestrus. Short estrous cycles prevent fertility during the first 40 d after calving by causing the cow to return to estrus before pregnancy recognition occurs. Anestrus is the major component of postpartum infertility and is affected by several minor factors: season, breed, parity, dystocia, presence of a bull, uterine palpation and carryover effects from the previous pregnancy as well as two major factors: suckling and nutrition. These major factors have direct effects on anestrus but also interact with one or more other factors to control postpartum anestrus. Physiological mechanisms associated with anestrus involve blockage of the GnRH "pulse generator" in the hypothalamus, but other pathways also must be involved because bypassing the pulse generator is not an effective treatment for all cows. The primary cause of anestrus probably is different for different stages of anestrus. The mediating mechanisms for anestrus are not involved with prolactin, oxytocin, the adrenal or direct neural input from the mammary gland but are at least partially involved with blood glucose and the endogenous opioid peptide system. Management options to decrease the impact of anestrus and infertility include: 1) restrict breeding season to less than or equal to 45 d; 2) manage nutrition so body condition score is 5 to 7 before calving; 3) minimize effects of dystocia and stimulate estrous activity with a sterile bull and estrous synchronization; and 4) judicious use of complete, partial or short-term weaning.
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            Clima do Rio Grande do Su

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                May 2010
                : 39
                : 5
                : 1058-1067
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUFRGS orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia orgdiv2Departamento de Zootecnia
                Article
                S1516-35982010000500016 S1516-3598(10)03900516
                10.1590/S1516-35982010000500016
                877dbed4-33a0-4541-96b8-c895c63eb125

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 July 2009
                : 30 December 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Breeding, Genetic and Reproduction

                condição corporal,weight gain,early weaning,conventional weaning,Braford,desmame convencional,desmame precoce,ganho de peso,body condition

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