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      Crystalline monometal-substituted free carbenes

      , , , , , ,
      Chem
      Elsevier BV

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          An overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes.

          The successful isolation and characterization of an N-heterocyclic carbene in 1991 opened up a new class of organic compounds for investigation. From these beginnings as academic curiosities, N-heterocyclic carbenes today rank among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in commercially important processes. Here we provide a concise overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes in modern chemistry, summarizing their general properties and uses and highlighting how these features are being exploited in a selection of pioneering recent studies.
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            Molecular single-bond covalent radii for elements 1-118.

            A self-consistent system of additive covalent radii, R(AB)=r(A) + r(B), is set up for the entire periodic table, Groups 1-18, Z=1-118. The primary bond lengths, R, are taken from experimental or theoretical data corresponding to chosen group valencies. All r(E) values are obtained from the same fit. Both E-E, E-H, and E-CH(3) data are incorporated for most elements, E. Many E-E' data inside the same group are included. For the late main groups, the system is close to that of Pauling. For other elements it is close to the methyl-based one of Suresh and Koga [J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 5940] and its predecessors. For the diatomic alkalis MM' and halides XX', separate fits give a very high accuracy. These primary data are then absorbed with the rest. The most notable exclusion are the transition-metal halides and chalcogenides which are regarded as partial multiple bonds. Other anomalies include H(2) and F(2). The standard deviation for the 410 included data points is 2.8 pm.
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              New dual descriptor for chemical reactivity.

              In this paper, a new dual descriptor for nucleophilicity and electrophilicity is introduced. The new index is defined in terms of the variation of hardness with respect to the external potential, and it is written as the difference between nucleophilic and electrophilic Fukui functions, thus being able to characterize both reactive behaviors. It is shown that the new descriptor correctly predicts the site reactivity induced by different donor and acceptor groups in substituted phenyl molecules. Also, the Dunitz-Burgi attack on ketones and aldehydes has been revisited to illustrate the stereoselective capability of this new index. Finally, its predictive ability has been tested successfully on different series of conjugated and nonconjugated carbonyl compounds.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chem
                Chem
                Elsevier BV
                24519294
                August 2022
                August 2022
                : 8
                : 8
                : 2278-2289
                Article
                10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.003
                87cd635a-175c-4463-a144-e4f229131c2c
                © 2022

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-017

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-012

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-004

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