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      Comentario del CEIPV a la actualización de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Vascular en la Práctica Clínica Translated title: Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines

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          Abstract

          Resumen Presentamos la adaptación para España de la actualización de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Vascular. En esta actualización se hace mayor énfasis en el abordaje poblacional, especialmente en la promoción de la actividad física y de una dieta saludable mediante políticas alimentarias y de ocio y transporte activo en España. Para estimar el riesgo vascular, se destaca la importancia de recalibrar las tablas que se utilicen, adaptándolas a los cambios poblaciones en la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo y en la incidencia de enfermedades vasculares, con particular atención al papel de la enfermedad renal crónica. A nivel individual resulta clave el apoyo personalizado para el cambio de conducta, la adherencia a la medicación en los individuos de alto riesgo y pacientes con enfermedad vascular, la promoción de la actividad física y el abandono del hábito tabáquico. Además, se revisan los ensayos clínicos recientes con inhibidores de PCKS9, la necesidad de simplificar el tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión arterial para mejorar su control y la adherencia al tratamiento. En los pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 y enfermedad vascular o riesgo vascular alto, cuando los cambios de estilo de vida y la metformina resultan insuficientes, deben priorizarse los fármacos con demostrado beneficio vascular. Por último, se incluyen pautas sobre enfermedad arterial periférica y otras enfermedades específicas, y se recomienda no prescribir antiagregantes en prevención primaria.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract We present the adaptation for Spain of the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines. In this update, greater stress is laid on the population approach, and especially on the promotion of physical activity and healthy diet through dietary, leisure and active transport policies in Spain. To estimate vascular risk, note should be made of the importance of recalibrating the tables used, by adapting them to population shifts in the prevalence of risk factors and incidence of vascular diseases, with particular attention to the role of chronic kidney disease. At an individual level, the key element is personalized support for changes in behaviour, adherence to medication in high-risk individuals and patients with vascular disease, the fostering of physical activity, and cessation of smoking habit. Furthermore, recent clinical trials with PCSK9 inhibitors are reviewed, along with the need to simplify pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension to improve control and adherence to treatment. In the case of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease or high vascular disease risk, when lifestyle changes and metformin are inadequate, the use of drugs with proven vascular benefit should be prioritised. Lastly, guidelines on peripheral arterial disease and other specific diseases are included, as it is recommended no to prescribe antiaggregants in primary prevention.

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          Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems

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            Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

            Summary Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, −1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, −1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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              Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

              Circulation, 135(10)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                December 2020
                : 22
                : 88
                : e153-e185
                Affiliations
                [13] orgnameSociedad Española de Diabetes España
                [10] orgnameMinisterio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social España
                [14] orgnameSociedad Española de Nefrología España
                [17] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III España
                [15] orgnameSociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) España
                [2] orgnameSociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SemFYC) España
                [7] orgnameAsociación Española Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) España
                [16] Toledo orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación PAFS (Promoción de la Actividad Física para la Salud) Spain
                [9] orgnameFederación de Asociaciones de Enfermería Comunitaria y Atención Primaria (FAECAP) España
                [5] orgnameSociedad Española de Cardiología España
                [3] orgnameSociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE España
                [4] orgnameSociedad Española de Neurología (SEN) España
                [11] orgnameSociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) España
                [8] orgnameSociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (Semergen) España
                [12] orgnameSociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis España
                [1] orgnameSociedad Española-Liga Española para la Lucha contra la Hipertensión Arterial España
                [6] orgnameSociedad Española de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000500003 S1139-7632(20)02208800003
                87d16db1-0b8b-407d-b19e-dfd7416d336a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 238, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Documento de Consenso

                Healthy diet,Prevención y control,Hipertensión arterial,Guías de práctica clínica,Enfermedades vasculares,Tabaco,Dieta saludable,Diabetes,Control de lípidos,Vascular diseases,Tobacco,Prevention and control,Practice guidelines,Hypertension

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