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      International Comparison of Vocational Rehabilitation for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: Systems, Practices, and Barriers

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          Abstract

          Background: Employment rates among people with spinal cord injury or spinal cord disease (SCI/D) show considerable variation across countries. One factor to explain this variation is differences in vocational rehabilitation (VR) systems. International comparative studies on VR however are nonexistent. Objectives: To describe and compare VR systems and practices and barriers for return to work in the rehabilitation of persons with SCI/D in multiple countries. Methods: A survey including clinical case examples was developed and completed by medical and VR experts from SCI/D rehabilitation centers in seven countries between April and August 2017. Results: Location (rehabilitation center vs community), timing (around admission, toward discharge, or after discharge from clinical rehabilitation), and funding (eg, insurance, rehabilitation center, employer, or community) of VR practices differ. Social security services vary greatly. The age and preinjury occupation of the patient influences the content of VR in some countries. Barriers encountered during VR were similar. No participant mentioned lack of interest in VR among team members as a barrier, but all mentioned lack of education of the team on VR as a barrier. Other frequently mentioned barriers were fatigue of the patient (86%), lack of confidence of the patient in his/her ability to work (86%), a gap in the team's knowledge of business/legal aspects (86%), and inadequate transportation/accessibility (86%). Conclusion: VR systems and practices, but not barriers, differ among centers. The variability in VR systems and social security services should be considered when comparing VR study results.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil
          Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil
          tscr
          Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil
          Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
          Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.
          1082-0744
          1945-5763
          Winter 2020
          : 26
          : 1
          : 21-35
          Affiliations
          [1 ]University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands
          [2 ]Spinal Rehabilitation Service, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Caulfield, Epworth-Monash Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
          [3 ]University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
          [4 ]KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
          [5 ]GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
          [6 ]Spinal Unit and Spinal Rehabilitation (SpiRe) lab, IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
          [7 ]National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland
          [8 ]Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
          [9 ]Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
          Author notes
          Corresponding author: Ellen Hedwig Roels, MD, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, The Netherlands; phone: 0031 (0)50 3617851; email: e.h.roels@ 123456umcg.nl
          Article
          PMC7015172 PMC7015172 7015172 i1082-0744-26-1-21
          10.1310/sci2601-21
          7015172
          32095065
          87d33b42-9055-4d76-a476-0bd06ee87fa1
          © 2020 Thomas Land Publishers, Inc.
          History
          Page count
          Pages: 15
          Categories
          Articles

          work,spinal cord diseases,employment,spinal injuries
          work, spinal cord diseases, employment, spinal injuries

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