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      Exploring the theoretical foundations of visual art programmes for people living with dementia

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          Abstract

          Despite the growing international innovations for visual arts interventions in dementia care, limited attention has been paid to their theoretical basis. In response, this paper explores how and why visual art interventions in dementia care influence changes in outcomes. The theory building process consists of a realist review of primary research on visual art programmes. This aims to uncover what works, for whom, how, why and in what circumstances. We undertook a qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives of art programmes, and then synthesised these two pieces of work alongside broader theory to produce a conceptual framework for intervention development, further research and practice. This suggests effective programmes are realised through essential attributes of two key conditions (provocative and stimulating aesthetic experience; dynamic and responsive artistic practice). These conditions are important for cognitive, social and individual responses, leading to benefits for people with early to more advanced dementia. This work represents a starting point at identifying theories of change for arts interventions, and for further research to critically examine, refine and strengthen the evidence base for the arts in dementia care. Understanding the theoretical basis of interventions is important for service development, evaluation and implementation.

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          Most cited references16

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          Dementia friendly, dementia capable, and dementia positive: concepts to prepare for the future.

          With an aging global population, the number of dementia cases is growing exponentially. To address the upcoming dementia crisis, the World Health Organization and Alzheimer's Disease International (2012) collaborated on an extensive report, Dementia: A Public Health Priority. In the United Kingdom, Prime Minster David Cameron initiated a national challenge on dementia, forming 3 dementia challenge champion groups aimed at improving health and care, creating dementia-friendly communities, and promoting dementia research. In the U.S., President Obama signed the National Alzheimer's Project Act, which led to the formation of the Advisory Council on Alzheimer's Research, Care, and Services and the launch of the first National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease. The term "dementia capable" was introduced in the 2012 Recommendations of the Public Members of the Advisory Council and has since been adopted in both the recommendations and annual updates of the national plan. This paper will first compare and contrast government usage of the concepts dementia friendly and dementia capable, along with another valuable concept, dementia positive, that was added after reviewing the literature. Finally, a new vision statement for the U.S.' national plan will be proposed and recommendations incorporating these 3 concepts in policy, research, and practice will be made.
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            The participative arts for people living with a dementia: a critical review

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              Theorizing How Art Gallery Interventions Impact People With Dementia and Their Caregivers.

              Dementia refers to a variety of diseases that are characterized by cognitive difficulties and an overall decline in daily living skills. Psychologically informed arts and health programs may be particularly beneficial ways of improving the lives of people with dementia and their caregivers. This study sought to better understand how programs at contemporary and traditional art galleries might play a role in the lives of people with dementia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dementia (London)
                Dementia (London)
                DEM
                spdem
                Dementia (London, England)
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                1471-3012
                1741-2684
                15 September 2017
                August 2018
                : 17
                : 6 , Special Issue: The Arts and Dementia
                : 702-727
                Affiliations
                [1-1471301217726613]Dementia Services Development Centre, School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Wales
                [2-1471301217726613]School of Psychology, Aston University, England
                [3-1471301217726613]Drama Department, Liverpool John Moores University, England
                [4-1471301217726613]School of Arts and Cultures, Newcastle University England
                [5-1471301217726613]School of History of Art, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
                [6-1471301217726613]School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, England
                Author notes
                [*]Gill Windle, Dementia Services Development Centre, School of Healthcare Sciences, Ardudwy, Holyhead Road, Bangor University, Wales, UK. Email: g.windle@ 123456bangor.ac.uk
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-7789
                Article
                10.1177_1471301217726613
                10.1177/1471301217726613
                6068961
                28914090
                87dcb61b-869f-4017-bee5-766e44b1cb34
                © The Author(s) 2017

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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                creativity,arts and related therapy,dementia,theory,wellbeing

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