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      Parâmetros genéticos para produções de leite e gordura nas três primeiras lactações de vacas Holandesas Translated title: Genetic parameters of milk and fat yields of Holstein cows in the three first lactations

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          Abstract

          Foram analisadas 9527 lactações de vacas puras de origem (PO) da raça Holandesa, iniciadas entre 1988 e 1997, em rebanhos no Estado de Minas Gerais. Estabeleceram-se dois conjuntos de dados: um com as vacas de primeira lactação (Conjunto I) e outro com as vacas de primeira até a terceira lactação (Conjunto II). Para as análises das produções de leite e gordura até 305 dias, adotaram-se modelos mistos com a metodologia da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). As médias para produções de leite e gordura, até 305 dias de lactação, foram 5870 ± 1662 kg e 199 ± 55 kg, respectivamente, para o conjunto I. Para o conjunto II, essas médias, na mesma ordem, foram 5521 ± 1523 kg e 187 ± 50 kg, na primeira lactação; 6421 ± 1789 kg e 215 ± 58 kg, na segunda lactação e 7045 ± 1903 kg e 231 ± 60 kg, na terceira lactação. As estimativas de herdabilidade para produções de leite e gordura foram 0,28 ± 0,04 e 0,20 ± 0,03, respectivamente, para o conjunto I. Para o conjunto II, foram 0,16 ± 0,09 e 0,09 ± 0,09, na primeira; 0,17 ± 0,11 e 0,20 ± 0,11 na segunda e 0,16 ± 0,10 e 0,10 ± 0,16 na terceira lactação, para produções de leite e gordura, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre as características estudadas foram altas, variando de 0,86 a 1,00.

          Translated abstract

          In this study 9,527 lactations of purebreed Holstein cows, calved between 1988 to 1997, from herds in the Minas Gerais State, were analysed. Two data sets were established: one with first lactations only and another with the first lactation until the third one. Milk and fat 305-day yields were analysed using a multivariate mixed model and restricted maximum likelihood procedure (REML). The milk and fat 305 days yields averages were respectively 5,870 ± 1,662 kg and 199 ± 55 kg for set I and 5,521 ± 1,523 kg and 187 ± 50 kg for set II in the first lactation, and 6,421 ± 1,789 kg and 215 ± 58 kg for the second lactation, and 7,045 ± 1,903 kg and 231 ± 60 kg for the third lactation, respectively. Heritabilities estimated for milk and fat yields in set I (first lactation) were .28 ± .04 and .20 ± .03 and using the set II, were .16 ± .09 e .9 ± .9 for milk and fat yields in the first lactation, .17 ± .11 and .20 ± .11 for second one, and .16 ± .10 and .10 ± .16 in third lactation, respectively. Genetic correlations were high and ranged from .86 to 1.0.

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          An investigation into heterogeneity of variance for milk and fat yields of Holstein cows in Brazilian herd environments

          Heterogeneity of variance in Brazilian herd environments was studied using first-lactation 305-day mature equivalent (ME) milk and fat records of Holstein cows. Herds were divided into two categories, according to low or high herd-year phenotypic standard deviation for ME milk (HYSD). There were 330 sires with daughter records in both HYSD categories. Components of (co)variance, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk and fat yields were estimated using a sire model from bivariate analyses with a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) derivative-free algorithm. Sire and residual variances for milk yield in low HYSD herds were 79 and 57% of those obtained in high HYSD herd. For fat yield they were 67 and 60%, respectively. Heritabilities for milk and fat yields in low HYSD herds were larger (0.30 and 0.22) than in high HYSD herds (0.23 and 0.20). Genetic correlation between expression in low and high HYSD herds was 0.997 for milk yield and 0.985 for fat yield. Expected correlated response in low HYSD herds based on sires selected on half-sister information from high HYSD was 0.89 kg/kg for milk and 0.80 kg/kg for fat yield. Genetic evaluations in Brazil need to account for heterogeneity of variances to increase the accuracy of evaluations and the selection efficiency for milk and fat yields of Holstein cows. Selection response will be lower in low variance herds than in high variance herds because of reduced differences in daughter response and among breeding values of sires in low HYSD herds. Genetic investments in sire selection to improve production are more likely to be successful in high HYSD herds than in low HYSD Brazilian herds.
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            Estimates of genetic parameters for milk and fat yield for the first three lactations in British Friesian cows

            A multivariate restricted maximum-likelihood procedure was used to estimate variance and covariance components between and within sires. This method, which considered all lactations simultaneously, accounted for the bias in later lactation records due to selection on dairy performance. Analysis was carried out for a mixed model with herd-year-seasons as fixed and sires as random effects, and fitting lactation length, calving age and month within season of calving as covariables. The data included 26 176 first, 19 978 second and 14 868 third lactation records for 679 test sires, and were analysed in 13 subsets. Additional records for proven sires, treated as fixed effects, were included to improve the data structure. Estimates for all components were higher in later than in earlier data sets, probably, to a large extent, because of a scale effect. Pooled estimates of heritabilities for lactations 1 to 3 were 0·28, 0·19 and 0·24 for milk yield, and 0·27, 0·21 and 0·25 for fat yield. Genetic correlations of 0·91, 0·91 and 0·95 for milk yield, and 0·91, 0·91 and 0·99 for fat yield, were found between lactations 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3, respectively. Results suggest that dairy performance in all lactations is almost identical genetically.
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              Genetic relationships between reproductive disorders, operational days open and milk yield

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                June 2001
                : 30
                : 3
                : 709-713
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Brazil
                [2 ] ACGHMG
                Article
                S1516-35982001000300015
                10.1590/S1516-35982001000300015
                87f3e276-948c-49ea-a349-213f5e7c4d0b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                fat yield,genetic parameters,milk yield,parâmetros genéticos,produção de gordura,produção de leite

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