33
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Basic principles and applications of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in oral and maxillofacial imaging: A pictorial essay

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          A combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) and computed tomography ( 18F-FDG-PET/CT) has increasingly become a widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer. On the basis of both recent literature and our professional experience, we present a set of principles with pictorial illustrations and clinical applications of FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation and management planning of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We feel that this paper will be of interest and will aid the learning of oral and maxillofacial radiology trainees and practitioners.

          Related collections

          Most cited references29

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Cancer statistics, 2006.

          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,399,790 new cancer cases and 564,830 deaths from cancer are expected in the United States in 2006. When deaths are aggregated by age, cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death for those younger than age 85 since 1999. Delay-adjusted cancer incidence rates stabilized in men from 1995 through 2002, but continued to increase by 0.3% per year from 1987 through 2002 in women. Between 2002 and 2003, the actual number of recorded cancer deaths decreased by 778 in men, but increased by 409 in women, resulting in a net decrease of 369, the first decrease in the total number of cancer deaths since national mortality record keeping was instituted in 1930. The death rate from all cancers combined has decreased by 1.5% per year since 1993 among men and by 0.8% per year since 1992 among women. The mortality rate has also continued to decrease for the three most common cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and for breast and colon and rectum cancers in women. Lung cancer mortality among women continues to increase slightly. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African American men and women have 40% and 18% higher death rates from all cancers combined than White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and death rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers than Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden of suffering and death from cancer can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Intratumoral distribution of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in vivo: high accumulation in macrophages and granulation tissues studied by microautoradiography.

            While 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is a useful tumor imaging agent, its intratumoral distribution has not been described well at the cellular level. In order to demonstrate cellular localization of [18F]FDG and 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose (3H-DG) uptake by the tumor in vivo, C3H/He mice transplanted subcutaneously with FM3A tumors were studied 1 hr after intravenous injection of [18F]FDG or 3H-DG using micro- and macro-autoradiography. Fluorine-18-FDG and 3H-DG showed the same distribution pattern in the tumor with both autoradiographic methods. The newly formed granulation tissue around the tumor and macrophages, which were massively infiltrating the marginal areas surrounding necrotic area of the tumor showed a higher uptake of [18F]FDG than the viable tumor cells. A maximum of 29% of the glucose utilization was derived from nontumor tissue in this tumor. The comparison of double-tracer autoradiographic distribution patterns of [18F]FDG and [6-3H]-thymidine showed the differences and the similarities between glucose utilization and the DNA synthesis. Whole proliferating tissue metabolizes [18F] FDG but not vice versa. High accumulation of [18F]FDG in the tumor is believed to represent high metabolic activity of the viable tumor cells. Our results showed that one should consider not only the tumor cells proper but also the non-neoplastic cellular elements, which appear in association with growth or necrosis of the tumor cells, for precise analysis of [18F]FDG uptake in tumor-bearing subjects, especially after anti-neoplastic treatment.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Combined FDG-PET/CT for the detection of unknown primary tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis

              The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze published data on the diagnostic performance of combined 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in the detection of primary tumors in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). A systematic search for relevant studies was performed of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Reported detection rates, sensitivities and specificities were meta-analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed if results of individual studies were heterogeneous. The 11 included studies, comprising a total sample size of 433 patients with CUP, had moderate methodological quality. Overall primary tumor detection rate, pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT were 37%, 84% (95% CI 78–88%) and 84% (95% CI 78–89%), respectively. Sensitivity was heterogeneous across studies (P = 0.0001), whereas specificity was homogeneous across studies (P = 0.2114). Completeness of diagnostic workup before FDG-PET/CT, location of metastases of unknown primary, administration of CT contrast agents, type of FDG-PET/CT images evaluated and way of FDG-PET/CT review did not significantly influence diagnostic performance. In conclusion, FDG-PET/CT can be a useful method for unknown primary tumor detection. Future studies are required to prove the assumed advantage of FDG-PET/CT over FDG-PET alone and to further explore causes of heterogeneity.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Imaging Sci Dent
                Imaging Sci Dent
                ISD
                Imaging Science in Dentistry
                Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
                2233-7822
                2233-7830
                December 2014
                25 November 2014
                : 44
                : 4
                : 325-332
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hong Kong University, Hong Kong.
                [2 ]BeamReaders Inc., Orlando, FL, USA.
                [3 ]Departments of Otolaryngology and Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Galal Omami. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Polyclinics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hong Kong University, 1B/F, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. Tel) 852-2859-0403, Fax) 852-2559-4194, jellodent@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                10.5624/isd.2014.44.4.325
                4245476
                25473642
                8804e073-92c1-4742-aa2d-149d7a679421
                Copyright © 2014 by Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 April 2014
                : 14 June 2014
                : 04 July 2014
                Categories
                Pictorial Essay

                Dentistry
                positron-emission tomography,tomography, x-ray computed,head and neck neoplasms
                Dentistry
                positron-emission tomography, tomography, x-ray computed, head and neck neoplasms

                Comments

                Comment on this article