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      Healthcare personnel’s attitude and coverage about tetanus vaccination in Turkey: a multicenter study

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          ABSTRACT

          The tetanus vaccine is not routinely given to Turkish adults. Protective tetanus immunity decreases with age. Health-care personnel (HCPs), who are role models in the field of health, are a target group in order to achieve a higher rate of tetanus vaccination in the community. This study was designed to evaluate attitudes and coverage regarding tetanus vaccination among a large sample of Turkish HCPs. This cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted from July to August 2019. A questionnaire was sent to HCPs using social media. Of the 10,644 HCPs included in the study, 65% were female. Overall, the tetanus vaccination coverage (TVC) among HCPs was 78.5% (95% CI: 77.7%-79.3%). TVC was significantly higher among physicians [83.4% (95% CI: 82%-84.6%); p < .001] compared with all other HCPs except nurses. Older age (≥40 years) and length of professional experience were significantly correlated with TVC. Of the 8353 HCPs who received tetanus vaccines during their lifetime, 73.03% received tetanus vaccination in the past 10 years. The self-vaccination rate for protection against tetanus was 13.1%. Acute injuries (25.42%) and pregnancy (23.9%) were the most common reasons for having the tetanus vaccine. One-third (33.7%) of HCPs did not have information about whether pregnant women could receive tetanus vaccinations. This survey study provided excellent baseline information about HCPs’ coverage rates and attitudes regarding tetanus vaccination. The present results suggested that tetanus boosters for HCPs should be established as soon as possible, and revealed that the HCPs younger than 30 years with relatively less professional experience and all other HCPs except nurses and physicians should be identified as the target population for future intervention programs.

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          Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

          , (2011)
          This report updates the previously published summary of recommendations for vaccinating health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States (CDC. Immunization of health-care workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP] and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee [HICPAC]. MMWR 1997;46[No. RR-18]). This report was reviewed by and includes input from the Healthcare (formerly Hospital) Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. These updated recommendations can assist hospital administrators, infection-control practitioners, employee health clinicians, and HCP in optimizing infection prevention and control programs. The recommendations for vaccinating HCP are presented by disease in two categories: 1) those diseases for which vaccination or documentation of immunity is recommended because of risks to HCP in their work settings for acquiring disease or transmitting to patients and 2) those for which vaccination might be indicated in certain circumstances. Background information for each vaccine-preventable disease and specific recommendations for use of each vaccine are presented. Certain infection-control measures that relate to vaccination also are included in this report. In addition, ACIP recommendations for the remaining vaccines that are recommended for certain or all adults are summarized, as are considerations for catch-up and travel vaccinations and for work restrictions. This report summarizes all current ACIP recommendations for vaccination of HCP and does not contain any new recommendations or policies. The recommendations provided in this report apply, but are not limited, to HCP in acute-care hospitals; long-term-care facilities (e.g., nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities); physician's offices; rehabilitation centers; urgent care centers, and outpatient clinics as well as to persons who provide home health care and emergency medical services.
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            Vaccination of healthcare workers: A review.

            Vaccine-preventable diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. As new vaccines are proving to be effective and as the incidence of some infections decreases, vaccination practices are changing. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to and play a role in nosocomial transmission, which makes them an important target group for vaccination. Most vaccine-preventable diseases still carry a significant risk of resurgence and have caused outbreaks in recent years. While many professional societies favor vaccination of HCWs as well as the general population, recommendations differ from country to country. In turn, vaccination coverage varies widely for each microorganism and for each country, making hospitals and clinics vulnerable to outbreaks. Vaccine mandates and non-mandatory strategies are the subject of ongoing research and controversies. Optimal approaches to increase coverage and turn the healthcare workforce into an efficient barrier against infectious diseases are still being debated.
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              Vaccination of healthcare personnel in Europe: Update to current policies

              We investigated and compared current national vaccination policies for health-care personnel (HCP) in Europe with results from our previous survey. Data from 36 European countries were collected using the same methodology as in 2011. National policies for HCP immunization were in place in all countries. There were significant differences in terms of number of vaccinations, target HCP and healthcare settings, and implementation regulations (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). Vaccination policies against hepatitis B and seasonal influenza were present in 35 countries each. Policies for vaccination of HCP against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella existed in 28, 24, 25 and 19 countries, respectively; and against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and poliomyelitis in 21, 20, 19, and 18 countries, respectively. Recommendations for hepatitis A immunization existed in 17 countries, and against meningococcus B, meningococcus C, meningococcus A, C, W, Y, and tuberculosis in 10, 8, 17, and 7 countries, respectively. Mandatory vaccination policies were found in 13 countries and were a pre-requisite for employment in ten. Comparing the vaccination programs of the 30 European countries that participated in the 2011 survey, we found that more countries had national vaccination policies against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, pertussis, meningococcus C and/or meningococcus A, C, W, Y; and more of these implemented mandatory vaccination policies for HCP. In conclusion, European countries now have more comprehensive national vaccination programs for HCP, however there are still gaps. Given the recent large outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in Europe and the occupational risk for HCP, vaccination policies need to be expanded and strengthened in several European countries. Overall, vaccination policies for HCP in Europe should be periodically re-evaluated in order to provide optimal protection against vaccine-preventable diseases and infection control within healthcare facilities for HCP and patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Hum Vaccin Immunother
                Hum Vaccin Immunother
                Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
                Taylor & Francis
                2164-5515
                2164-554X
                16 February 2022
                2022
                16 February 2022
                : 18
                : 1
                : 2014732
                Affiliations
                [a ]Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University; , Antalya, Turkey
                [b ]Cerrahpasa Cardiology Institution, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University; , Istanbul, Turkey
                [c ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Harran University Medical Faculty; , Şanlıurfa, Turkey
                [d ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kırıkhan State Hospital; , Hatay, Turkey
                [e ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital; , İzmir, Turkey
                [f ]Department of Public Health, Fırat University Medical Faculty; , Elazığ, Turkey
                [g ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children Hospital; , Gaziantep, Turkey
                [h ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Viranşehir State Hospital; , Şanlıurfa, Turkey
                [i ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Balıkesir University Medical Faculty; , Balıkesir, Turkey
                [j ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Manavgat State Hospital; , Antalya, Turkey
                [k ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sungurlu State Hospital; , Çorum, Turkey
                [l ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Mersin City Education and Research Hospital; , Mersin, Turkey
                [m ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ankara City Hospital; , Ankara, Turkey
                [n ]Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital; , Ankara, Turkey
                [o ]Department of Neurosurgery, Hatay State Hospital; , Hatay, Turkey
                [p ]Department of Medical Microbiology, Bozok University Medical Faculty; , Yozgat, Turkey
                [q ]Departments of Family Medicine, Private Aymira Nursing Home and Elderly Care Center; , İzmir, Turkey
                [r ]Departments of Family Medicine, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital; , İstanbul, Turkey
                Author notes
                CONTACT Derya Seyman seymander@ 123456gmail.com Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University; , Antalya 07100, Turkey
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-8537
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-4699
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2026
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-4836
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-3461
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-9399
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-9720
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-8280
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5777
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4294-5999
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-1579
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-7889
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-2162
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5075
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-0122
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-7462
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-0480
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-471X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-1148
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-140X
                Article
                2014732
                10.1080/21645515.2021.2014732
                8973359
                35172681
                880b476e-a212-4678-b5ab-c601c9c0fd94
                © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, References: 37, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Research Article
                Licensed Vaccines – Research Paper

                Molecular medicine
                tetanus vaccination,healthcare personnel,coverage,attitude,questionnaire
                Molecular medicine
                tetanus vaccination, healthcare personnel, coverage, attitude, questionnaire

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