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      Transfer of learning and patient outcome in simulated crisis resource management: a systematic review Translated title: Transfert de l’apprentissage et évolution des patients dans une gestion de crise des ressources simulée: une revue systématique

      research-article
      , MD , , MBChB, , MD, , MD, , MLIS, , PhD(c),   , PhD, , PhD
      Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
      Springer US

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Simulation-based learning is increasingly used by healthcare professionals as a safe method to learn and practice non-technical skills, such as communication and leadership, required for effective crisis resource management (CRM). This systematic review was conducted to gain a better understanding of the impact of simulation-based CRM teaching on transfer of learning to the workplace and subsequent changes in patient outcomes.

          Source

          Studies on CRM, crisis management, crew resource management, teamwork, and simulation published up to September 2012 were searched in MEDLINE ®, EMBASE™, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ERIC. All studies that used simulation-based CRM teaching with outcomes measured at Kirkpatrick Level 3 (transfer of learning to the workplace) or 4 (patient outcome) were included. Studies measuring only learners’ reactions or simple learning (Kirkpatrick Level 1 or 2, respectively) were excluded. Two authors independently reviewed all identified titles and abstracts for eligibility.

          Principal findings

          Nine articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Four studies measured transfer of simulation-based CRM learning into the clinical setting (Kirkpatrick Level 3). In three of these studies, simulation-enhanced CRM training was found significantly more effective than no intervention or didactic teaching. Five studies measured patient outcomes (Kirkpatrick Level 4). Only one of these studies found that simulation-based CRM training made a clearly significant impact on patient mortality.

          Conclusions

          Based on a small number of studies, this systematic review found that CRM skills learned at the simulation centre are transferred to clinical settings, and the acquired CRM skills may translate to improved patient outcomes, including a decrease in mortality.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12630-014-0143-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Résumé

          Objectif

          L’apprentissage basé sur des simulations est de plus en plus utilisé par les professionnels de santé comme méthodes sécuritaires d’apprentissage et de pratique de compétences non techniques, comme la communication et le leadership, qui sont nécessaires pour une gestion efficace des ressources en situation de crise (CRM). Cette étude systématique a été menée pour mieux comprendre l’impact de l’enseignement à partir de simulations de la CRM sur le transfert des connaissances sur le lieu de travail et les changements ultérieurs sur l’évolution des patients.

          Source

          Les études sur la CRM, gestion de crise, gestion de ressources d’équipes, travail d’équipe et simulation, publiées jusqu’en septembre 2012 ont été recherchées dans les bases de données MEDLINE ®, EMBASE™, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials et ERIC. Toutes les études utilisant un enseignement de la CRM à partir de simulations avec des résultats mesurés au niveau 3 de Kirkpatrick (transfert de l’apprentissage au milieu de travail) ou au niveau 4 (évolution du patient) ont été incluses. Toutes les études ne mesurant que les réactions des apprenants ou le seul apprentissage (respectivement, niveau 1 ou 2 de Kirkpatrick) ont été exclues. Deux auteurs ont revu de façon indépendante tous les titres et résumés identifiés pour évaluer leur admissibilité.

          Constatations principales

          Neuf articles répondant aux critères d’inclusion ont été identifiés. Quatre études mesuraient le transfert d’apprentissage de la CRM à partir de simulations vers un cadre clinique (niveau 3 de Kirkpatrick). Dans trois de ces études, la formation à la CRM soutenue par des simulations s’est avérée significativement plus efficace que l’absence d’intervention ou un enseignement didactique. Cinq études mesuraient les résultats pour les patients (niveau 4 de Kirkpatrick). Une seule de ces études a trouvé que la formation à la CRM basée sur des simulations avait un impact clairement significatif sur la mortalité des patients.

          Conclusions

          Reposant sur un petit nombre d’études, cette analyse systématique a trouvé que les habiletés en matière de CRM apprises au centre de simulations sont transférées dans des cadres cliniques et que les habiletés acquises de CRM peuvent se traduire par une amélioration de l’évolution, y compris une baisse de la mortalité.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12630-014-0143-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references25

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          Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Although technology-enhanced simulation has widespread appeal, its effectiveness remains uncertain. A comprehensive synthesis of evidence may inform the use of simulation in health professions education. To summarize the outcomes of technology-enhanced simulation training for health professions learners in comparison with no intervention. Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychINFO, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011. Original research in any language evaluating simulation compared with no intervention for training practicing and student physicians, nurses, dentists, and other health care professionals. Reviewers working in duplicate evaluated quality and abstracted information on learners, instructional design (curricular integration, distributing training over multiple days, feedback, mastery learning, and repetitive practice), and outcomes. We coded skills (performance in a test setting) separately for time, process, and product measures, and similarly classified patient care behaviors. From a pool of 10,903 articles, we identified 609 eligible studies enrolling 35,226 trainees. Of these, 137 were randomized studies, 67 were nonrandomized studies with 2 or more groups, and 405 used a single-group pretest-posttest design. We pooled effect sizes using random effects. Heterogeneity was large (I(2)>50%) in all main analyses. In comparison with no intervention, pooled effect sizes were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.04-1.35) for knowledge outcomes (n = 118 studies), 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25) for time skills (n = 210), 1.09 (95% CI, 1.03-1.16) for process skills (n = 426), 1.18 (95% CI, 0.98-1.37) for product skills (n = 54), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.47-1.10) for time behaviors (n = 20), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.96) for other behaviors (n = 50), and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.34-0.66) for direct effects on patients (n = 32). Subgroup analyses revealed no consistent statistically significant interactions between simulation training and instructional design features or study quality. In comparison with no intervention, technology-enhanced simulation training in health professions education is consistently associated with large effects for outcomes of knowledge, skills, and behaviors and moderate effects for patient-related outcomes.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Simulation-Based Training in Anesthesia Crisis Resource Management (ACRM): A Decade of Experience

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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Teamwork training improves the clinical care of trauma patients.

              We investigated these questions: Does formal team training improve team behaviors in the trauma resuscitation bay? If yes, then does improved teamwork lead to more efficiency in the trauma bay and/or improved clinical outcomes?
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +1-613-7985555 , +1-613-7378189 , sboet@toh.on.ca
                Journal
                Can J Anaesth
                Can J Anaesth
                Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
                Springer US (Boston )
                0832-610X
                1496-8975
                25 March 2014
                25 March 2014
                2014
                : 61
                : 571-582
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Critical Care Wing 1401, Ottawa, ON Canada
                [ ]The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Skills and Simulation Centre (uOSSC), University of Ottawa, ON Canada
                [ ]The Academy for Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
                [ ]Department of Anesthesiology, The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON Canada
                [ ]Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
                [ ]Continuing Education & Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
                [ ]Wilson Centre and Centennial College, Toronto, ON Canada
                [ ]Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George’s, University of London, London, UK
                Article
                143
                10.1007/s12630-014-0143-8
                4028539
                24664414
                88283a7b-bb8d-4733-afcd-86475ca146ae
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                : 12 September 2013
                : 7 March 2014
                Categories
                Review Article/Brief Review
                Custom metadata
                © Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2014

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Anesthesiology & Pain management

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