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      Dietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women : The Iowa Women's Health Study

      Archives of Internal Medicine
      American Medical Association (AMA)

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          Abstract

          Although dietary supplements are commonly taken to prevent chronic disease, the long-term health consequences of many compounds are unknown. We assessed the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in relation to total mortality in 38,772 older women in the Iowa Women's Health Study; mean age was 61.6 years at baseline in 1986. Supplement use was self-reported in 1986, 1997, and 2004. Through December 31, 2008, a total of 15,594 deaths (40.2%) were identified through the State Health Registry of Iowa and the National Death Index. In multivariable adjusted proportional hazards regression models, the use of multivitamins (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; absolute risk increase, 2.4%), vitamin B(6) (1.10; 1.01-1.21; 4.1%), folic acid (1.15; 1.00-1.32; 5.9%), iron (1.10; 1.03-1.17; 3.9%), magnesium (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.6%), zinc (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.0%), and copper (1.45; 1.20-1.75; 18.0%) were associated with increased risk of total mortality when compared with corresponding nonuse. Use of calcium was inversely related (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.94; absolute risk reduction, 3.8%). Findings for iron and calcium were replicated in separate, shorter-term analyses (10-year, 6-year, and 4-year follow-up), each with approximately 15% of the original participants having died, starting in 1986, 1997, and 2004. In older women, several commonly used dietary vitamin and mineral supplements may be associated with increased total mortality risk; this association is strongest with supplemental iron. In contrast to the findings of many studies, calcium is associated with decreased risk.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Archives of Internal Medicine
          Arch Intern Med
          American Medical Association (AMA)
          0003-9926
          October 10 2011
          October 10 2011
          : 171
          : 18
          : 1625
          Article
          10.1001/archinternmed.2011.445
          4114071
          21987192
          883254d9-bb55-4910-9d7c-1574037e3988
          © 2011
          History

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