Histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Western region of Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Objectives:

To determine the histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Madinah region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods:

This is a retrospective study including all cases with a histological diagnosis of skin cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2006 and December 2017. Data included age, gender, site and histology of the tumor were collected from histopathological reports and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.

Results:

Among the 202 cancer cases studied in our series, there were 124 (61.4%) cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 33 (16.3%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 14 (6.8%) cases of mycosis fungoides (MF), 12 (5.8%) cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and 7 (3.7%) cases of malignant melanomas (MM). The male to female ratio for all cases was 2.2:1. The ages ranged from 5 to 100 years with a mean age of 60.1±15 years. The peak age distribution was in the 60-69 year group. The most common site involved in BCC and SCC was the head and neck (92.7% and 66.7%) respectively). Acral distribution of MM was seen in 57.1% of the cases.

Conclusion:

Our data based on the histopathology history in the Madinah region match that in the world literature and Saudi national studies.

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Most cited references 26

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Epidemiology of skin cancer.

Ulrike Leiter, Claus Garbe, Claus Garbe (2014)

Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are now the most common types of cancer in white populations. Both tumor entities show an increasing incidence rate worldwide but a stable or decreasing mortality rate. NMSC is the most common cancer in white-skinned individuals with a worldwide increasing incidence. NMSC is an increasing problem for health care services worldwide which causes significant morbidity. The rising incidence rates of NMSC are probably caused by a combination of increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) or sun light, increased outdoor activities, changes in clothing style, increased longevity, ozone depletion, genetics and in some cases, immune suppression. An intensive UV exposure in childhood and adolescence was causative for the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) whereas for the etiology of SCC a chronic UV exposure in the earlier decades was accused. Cutaneous melanoma is the most rapidly increasing cancer in white populations, in the last 3 decades incidence rates have risen up to 5-fold. In 2008 melanoma was on place 5 in women and on place 8 in men of the most common solid tumor entities in Germany. The frequency of its occurrence is closely associated with the constitutive color of the skin, and the geographical zone. Changes in outdoor activities and exposure to sunlight during the past 50 years are an important factor for the increasing incidence of melanoma. Mortality rates of melanoma show a stabilization in the USA, Australia and also in European countries. In contrast to SCC, melanoma risk seems to be associated with an intermittent exposure to sunlight. Prevention campaigns aim on reducing incidence and achieving earlier diagnosis, which resulted in an ongoing trend toward thin melanoma since the last two decades. However, the impact of primary prevention measures on incidence rates of melanoma is unlikely to be seen in the near future, rather increasing incidence rates to 40-50/100,000 inhabitants/year should be expected in Europe in the next decades.

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Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012: empirical relationships.

Fan Xiang, Robyn Lucas, Simon Hales … (2014)

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers in fair-skinned populations. Their incidence continues to increase in many countries. Exposure to UV radiation (UVR) is the primary cause of NMSC, although the pattern of exposure that gives rise to different types of NMSC appears to vary.

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Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia: 2012 Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry

Shouki Bazarbashi, Haya Eid, Joan Minguet (2017)

Background: In order to most appropriately allocate healthcare and research funding for cancer, it is important to have accurate population-based incidence data. The Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) provides such information, covering the time period from 1994 to the present day. The current report concerns an overview of cancer incidence statistics for Saudi Arabia in 2012. Methods: The SCR collects data from healthcare facilities throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All newly diagnosed cases of cancer are recorded, with information on site and histology. For the present report, age-standardised and age-specific incidence rates (ASR, AIR, respectively) were calculated, with attention to gender-specific and regional differences. Results: The total number of incident cases of cancer identified by the SCR in 2012 was 14,336, with 6,791 (47.5%) among males and 7,545 (52.6%) among females. Of this total, 11,034 cases (76.9%) occurred in patients of Saudi origin. For Saudi males, the overall ASR (inc. all cancer sites) was 78.1 per 100,000 people, while that for females was 86.7. Incidence varied by region, with the Eastern region and Riyadh displaying the highest ASRs for both males and females, and Hail and Jazan displaying the lowest. Incidence varied by gender, with colorectal cancer (13.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 8.4%), and leukaemia (8.2%) being the most common types in males, and breast (25.8%), thyroid (11.7%), and colorectal cancers (9.3%) being the most common in females. Conclusions: This analysis of cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia demonstrated significant differences according to gender, age, and region of the Kingdom. The data should help ensure the most appropriate allocation of resources, with the aim of minimising the healthcare burden associated with cancer.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Saudi Med J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Saudi Med J

Title: Saudi Medical Journal

Publisher: Saudi Medical Journal (Saudi Arabia )

ISSN (Print): 0379-5284

Publication date (Print): October 2018

Volume: 39

Issue: 10

Pages: 994-998

Affiliations

[1] From the Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author notes

Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Abdulkader M. Albasri, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: abdbasri@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: SaudiMedJ-39-994

DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.10.22679

PMC ID: 6201021

PubMed ID: 30284581

SO-VID: 8835a85b-af75-471a-8369-2c3fbd49e433

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Histopathological pattern of skin cancer in Western region of Saudi Arabia : An 11 years experience

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Abstract

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Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 26

Epidemiology of skin cancer.

Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012: empirical relationships.

Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia: 2012 Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry

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