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      Giant Toads ( Rhinella marina) From the Industrial Zones of Low Basin of the Coatzacoalcos River (Veracruz, MX) Presents Genotoxicity in Erythrocytes

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          Abstract

          The lower basin of Coatzacoalcos River is one of the most polluted regions of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Organochlorine compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals have been registered in this region. In the present study, genotoxicity was evaluated in the blood of giant toads ( Rhinella marina) from Coatzacoalcos’ rural and industrial zones, and compared with laboratory toads. Determination of the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities by the light microscope and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry were used as biomarkers of genotoxicity. We found more variability in micronucleus and more nuclear buds in toads from industrial zones. Also, cell cycle alterations and an increase of apoptosis in erythrocytes were found in toads from rural and industrial zones. Multivariate statistics show that the toads from the industrial zone were more affected than toads from laboratory and rural zones.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00128-021-03162-2.

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          Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

          Antonio Giordano, Margaret Kasten, Bruna Pucci (2000)
          Article 0 comments Cited 111 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Using the comet and micronucleus assays for genotoxicity studies: A review.

            Rodrigo Araldi, Thatiana de Melo, Thais Biude Mendes … (2015)
            Physical, chemical and biological agents can act in the DNA, resulting in mutation involved in cancer. Thus, genotoxic tests are required by regulatory agencies in order to evaluate potential risk of cancer. Among these tests, the comet assay (CA) and micronucleus assay (MNA) are the most commonly used. However, there are different protocols and recommendations already published. This is the first review, after the inclusion of CA in S2R1 guidance and OECD 489, which summarizes the main technical recommendations of both CA and MNA.
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              The Comet assay for the evaluation of genotoxic impact in aquatic environments.

              G Frenzilli, M. Nigro, B. Lyons (2009)
              This review considers the potential of the Comet assay (or Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, SCGE) to evaluate the environmental impact of genotoxins in aquatic environments. It focuses on in vivo and in situ studies that have been carried out in various marine and freshwater sentinel species, published in the last 5 years. A large number of the studies reviewed report that the Comet assay is more sensitive when compared with other biomarkers commonly used in genetic ecotoxicology, such as sister chromatid exchanges or micronucleus test. Due to its high sensitivity, the Comet assay is widely influenced by laboratory procedures suggesting that standard protocols are required for both fish and mussel cells. However, there are still a wide variety of personalised Comet procedures evident in the literature reviewed, making comparison between published results often very difficult. Standardization and inter-laboratory calibration of the Comet assay as applied to aquatic species will be required if the Comet assay is to be used routinely by national bodies charged with monitoring water quality.
              Article 0 comments Cited 46 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-1254
                cesar.ilizaliturri@uaslp.mx
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
                Title: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 0007-4861
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-0800
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 March 2021
                Pages: 1-7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412862.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2191 239X, Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA), Agenda Ambiental, , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, ; Av. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210 San Luis Potosí, México
                [2 ]GRID grid.412862.b, ISNI 0000 0001 2191 239X, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT – Facultad de Medicina, , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, ; Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a. Sección, 78210 San Luis Potosí, México
                [3 ]GRID grid.42707.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1766 9560, Facultad de Química, , Universidad Veracruzana Campus Coatzacoalcos, ; Av. Universidad Km 7.5, Santa Isabel, 96538 Veracruz, México
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-1254
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3162
                DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03162-2
                PMC ID: 7958936
                PubMed ID: 33723652
                SO-VID: 8855b2fe-faec-4df4-aa70-558dc12e289f
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 29 September 2020
                Date accepted : 25 February 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005324, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí;
                Award ID: C20-FAI-10-26.26
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: amphibians,dna damage,ecotoxicology,flow cytometry,non-destructive biomarkers
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: amphibians, dna damage, ecotoxicology, flow cytometry, non-destructive biomarkers

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