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      Síndrome de Sjögren primario que debuta con polimiositis mitocondrial, neuropatía axonal y parálisis hipopotasémica: reporte de caso Translated title: Onset of primary Sjögren syndrome with mitochondrial polymyositis, axonal neuropathy, and hypokalaemic paralysis: Case report

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El síndrome de Sjögren es una entidad multisistémica de naturaleza autoinmune, clásicamente considerada una exocrinopatía debido a la alta frecuencia de síntomas secos (queratoconjuntivitis seca, xerostomía) como resultado de infiltración poliglandular por linfocitos autorreactivos. Sin embargo, menos del 10% de estos pacientes puede iniciar con manifestaciones extraglandulares severas, traducidas en peores desenlaces a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de una gestante que inició con síndrome de debilidad aguda proximal relacionada con miositis con enfermedad mitocondrial e hipopotasemia severa, en el contexto de acidosis tubular renal distal, como manifestación extraglandular de síndrome de Sjögren primario. Se discuten brevemente manifestaciones neurológicas de esta entidad, incluyendo aquellas secundarias a trastornos metabólicos precipitados por compromiso autoinmune.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Sjögren's syndrome is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder. It is classically considered as an exocrine disease, given the high frequency of dry symptoms (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia) as a result of poly-glandular infiltration by autoreactive lymphocytes. However, less than 10% of these patients can onset with severe extra-glandular manifestations, resulting in worse long-term outcomes. The case of a pregnant woman is presented, who debuted with acute proximal weakness syndrome related to myositis with mitochondrial pathology and severe hypokalaemia in the context of distal renal tubular acidosis, as an extra-glandular manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Neurological manifestations of this condition are briefly discussed, including those secondary to metabolic disorders precipitated by autoimmune compromise.

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          Most cited references27

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          Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

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            Protective and therapeutic role for alphaB-crystallin in autoimmune demyelination.

            alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB) is the most abundant gene transcript present in early active multiple sclerosis lesions, whereas such transcripts are absent in normal brain tissue. This crystallin has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions. CRYAB is the major target of CD4+ T-cell immunity to the myelin sheath from multiple sclerosis brain. The pathophysiological implications of this immune response were investigated here. We demonstrate that CRYAB is a potent negative regulator acting as a brake on several inflammatory pathways in both the immune system and central nervous system (CNS). Cryab-/- mice showed worse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) at the acute and progressive phases, with higher Th1 and Th17 cytokine secretion from T cells and macrophages, and more intense CNS inflammation, compared with their wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, Cryab-/- astrocytes showed more cleaved caspase-3 and more TUNEL staining, indicating an anti-apoptotic function of Cryab. Antibody to CRYAB was detected in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients and in sera from mice with EAE. Administration of recombinant CRYAB ameliorated EAE. Thus, the immune response against a negative regulator of inflammation, CRYAB, in multiple sclerosis, would exacerbate inflammation and demyelination. This can be countered by giving CRYAB itself for therapy of ongoing disease.
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              Sjogren's syndrome: Clinical aspects

              Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is the 2nd most common chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease and associated with a high burden of illness. Morbidity arises not only from untreated xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca but also from extra-glandular manifestations including the development of non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphomas. Proper diagnosis of SS requires objective evidence of dry eyes and/or objective evidence of dry mouth as well as proof of autoimmunity. The recent development of new international classification criteria and clinical practice guidelines for SS should not only enhance the existing standards of care but also facilitate further studies to improve future diagnosis and outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcre
                Revista Colombiana de Reumatología
                Rev.Colomb.Reumatol.
                Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-8123
                December 2020
                : 27
                : suppl 2
                : 158-165
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Hospital Universitario San Ignacio orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Interna Colombia
                [1] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Hospital Universitario San Ignacio orgdiv2Unidad de Neurología Colombia
                Article
                S0121-81232020000600158 S0121-8123(20)02700000158
                10.1016/j.rcreu.2020.05.015
                885b987e-7911-4606-b91c-8e24367a066b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 May 2020
                : 10 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Reporte de casos

                Síndrome de Sjögren,Polimiositis con enfermedad mitocondrial,Parálisis hipopotasémica,Neuropatía axonal,Miositis por cuerpos de inclusión,Debilidad aguda,Sjögren's syndrome,Polymyositis with mitochondrial pathology,Hypokalaemic paralysis,Axonal neuropathy,Inclusion body myositis,Acute weakness

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