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      Individual Differences in Graph Literacy: Overcoming Denominator Neglect in Risk Comprehension : Individual Differences in Graph Literacy

      , , ,
      Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Bad is stronger than good.

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            The face in the crowd revisited: a threat advantage with schematic stimuli.

            Schematic threatening, friendly, and neutral faces were used to test the hypothesis that humans preferentially orient their attention toward threat. Using a visual search paradigm, participants searched for discrepant faces in matrices of otherwise identical faces. Across 5 experiments, results consistently showed faster and more accurate detection of threatening than friendly targets. The threat advantage was obvious regardless of whether the conditions favored parallel or serial search (i.e., involved neutral or emotional distractors), and it was valid for inverted faces. Threatening angry faces were more quickly and accurately detected than were other negative faces (sad or "scheming"), which suggests that the threat advantage can be attributed to threat rather than to the negative valence or the uniqueness of the target display.
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              Finding the face in the crowd: an anger superiority effect.

              Facial gestures have been given an increasingly critical role in models of emotion. The biological significance of interindividual transmission of emotional signals is a pivotal assumption for placing the face in a central position in these models. This assumption invited a logical corollary, examined in this article: Face-processing should be highly efficient. Three experiments documented an asymmetry in the processing of emotionally discrepant faces embedded in crowds. The results suggested that threatening faces pop out of crowds, perhaps as a result of a preattentive, parallel search for signals of direct threat.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
                J. Behav. Decis. Making
                Wiley-Blackwell
                08943257
                October 2012
                October 2012
                : 25
                : 4
                : 390-401
                Article
                10.1002/bdm.751
                888c0063-cdda-44ce-ba50-3844ca42cdd0
                © 2012

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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